Baldi Elisabetta, Bucherelli Corrado
Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgani 63, I-50134, Firenze, Italy.
Nonlinearity Biol Toxicol Med. 2005 Jan;3(1):9-21. doi: 10.2201/nonlin.003.01.002.
In the ample field of biological non-linear relationships there is also the inverted U-shaped dose-effect. In relation to cognitive functions, this phenomenon has been widely reported for many active compounds, in several learning paradigms, in several animal species and does not depend on either administration route (systemic or endocerebral) or administration time (before or after training). This review summarizes its most interesting aspects. The hypothesized mechanisms supporting it are reported and discussed, with particular emphasis on the participation of emotional arousal levels in the modulation of memory processes. Findings on the well documented relationship between stress, emotional arousal, peripheral epinephrine levels, cerebral norepinephrine levels and memory consolidation are reported. These are discussed and the need for further research is underlined.
在生物非线性关系这个广阔领域中，还存在倒U形剂量效应。就认知功能而言，在多种学习范式、多种动物物种中，许多活性化合物都广泛报道了这一现象，且它不取决于给药途径（全身给药或脑内给药）或给药时间（训练前或训练后）。本综述总结了其最有趣的方面。报告并讨论了支持该现象的假设机制，特别强调了情绪唤醒水平在记忆过程调节中的参与。报告了关于压力、情绪唤醒、外周肾上腺素水平、脑内去甲肾上腺素水平与记忆巩固之间充分记录的关系的研究结果。对这些结果进行了讨论，并强调了进一步研究的必要性。
