Guyuron Bahman, Rowe David J, Weinfeld Adam Bryce, Eshraghi Yashar, Fathi Amir, Iamphongsai Seree
Cleveland, Ohio; and Temple, Texas From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University; and Division of Plastic Surgery, Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Apr;123(4):1321-1331. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819c4d42.
The purpose of this study was to identify the environmental factors that contribute to facial aging in identical twins.
During the Twins Day Festival in Twinsburg, Ohio, 186 pairs of identical twins completed a comprehensive questionnaire, and digital images were obtained. A panel reviewed the images independently and recorded the differences in the perceived twins' ages and their facial features. The perceived age differences were then correlated with multiple factors.
Four-point higher body mass index was associated with an older appearance in twins younger than age 40 but resulted in a younger appearance after age 40 (p = 0.0001). Eight-point higher body mass index was associated with an older appearance in twins younger than age 55 but was associated with a younger appearance after age 55 (p = 0.0001). The longer the twins smoked, the older they appeared (p < 0.0001). Increased sun exposure was associated with an older appearance and accelerated with age (p = 0.015), as was a history of outdoor activities and lack of sunscreen use. Twins who used hormone replacement had a younger appearance (p = 0.002). Facial rhytids were more evident in twins with a history of skin cancer (p = 0.05) and in those who smoked (p = 0.005). Dark and patchy skin discoloration was less prevalent in twins with a higher body mass index (p = 0.01) and more common in twins with a history of smoking (p = 0.005) and those with sun exposure (p = 0.005). Hair quantity was better with a higher body mass index (p = 0.01) although worse with a history of skin cancer (p = 0.005) and better with the use of hormones (p = 0.05).
This study offers strong statistical evidence to support the role of some of the known factors that govern facial aging.
本研究旨在确定导致同卵双胞胎面部衰老的环境因素。
在俄亥俄州特温斯堡的双胞胎节期间，186对同卵双胞胎完成了一份综合问卷，并获取了数码图像。一个小组独立审查这些图像，并记录双胞胎在感知年龄和面部特征上的差异。然后将感知到的年龄差异与多种因素进行关联分析。
体重指数高4个点与40岁以下双胞胎的显老外观相关，但在40岁以后则导致显年轻的外观（p = 0.0001）。体重指数高8个点与55岁以下双胞胎的显老外观相关，但在55岁以后与显年轻的外观相关（p = 0.0001）。双胞胎吸烟时间越长，看起来越显老（p < 0.0001）。增加阳光照射与显老外观相关，且随着年龄增长而加速（p = 0.015），户外活动史和不使用防晒霜也是如此。使用激素替代疗法的双胞胎外观更显年轻（p = 0.002）。有皮肤癌病史的双胞胎面部皱纹更明显（p = 0.05），吸烟的双胞胎也是如此（p = 0.005）。深色和斑驳的皮肤变色在体重指数较高的双胞胎中不太常见（p = 0.01），在有吸烟史的双胞胎中更常见（p = 0.005）以及有阳光照射的双胞胎中更常见（p = 0.005）。体重指数较高时头发数量更好（p = 0.01），尽管有皮肤癌病史时头发数量更差（p = 0.005），使用激素时头发数量更好（p = 0.05）。
本研究提供了有力的统计证据来支持一些已知的影响面部衰老因素的作用。
