Giaginis C, Giagini A, Theocharis S
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Histol Histopathol. 2009 Jun;24(6):761-76. doi: 10.14670/HH-24.761.
The receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a novel tumor-associated antigen that induces cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in RCAS1 receptor-bearing human cells. Current evidence has revealed enhanced RCAS1 expression in the tumor malignant stage of several organs, which may play a crucial role in tumor progression by enabling cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. In the last few years, tissue RCAS1 protein expression and circulating levels in biofluids have further been the focus of extensive research as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in several human malignancies. The present article aimed to review the available data so far concerning the clinical significance of RCAS1 in human neoplasia. Reviewing of English literature revealed that tissue RCAS1 expression was associated with important clinicopathological parameters for patients' management and prognosis, being considered as an informative biomarker in several types of human malignancy. In addition, the current evidence supported a crucial role for RCAS1 in tumor immune escape, which renders this receptor a promising target for future (gene) therapeutic approaches. However, the clinical application of circulating RCAS1 concentrations in biofluids as a marker in the management and prognosis of tumor malignancies needs to be further explored, since the data so far are still extremely limited.
SiSo细胞上表达的受体结合癌抗原（RCAS1）是一种新型肿瘤相关抗原，可诱导携带RCAS1受体的人类细胞发生细胞周期停滞和/或凋亡。目前的证据显示，在多个器官的肿瘤恶性阶段，RCAS1表达增强，这可能通过使癌细胞逃避免疫监视而在肿瘤进展中发挥关键作用。在过去几年中，组织RCAS1蛋白表达以及生物流体中的循环水平，作为多种人类恶性肿瘤的诊断和预后标志物，进一步成为广泛研究的焦点。本文旨在综述目前有关RCAS1在人类肿瘤形成中的临床意义的现有数据。对英文文献的回顾显示，组织RCAS1表达与患者管理和预后的重要临床病理参数相关，在多种人类恶性肿瘤中被视为一种信息丰富的生物标志物。此外，目前的证据支持RCAS1在肿瘤免疫逃逸中起关键作用，这使得该受体成为未来（基因）治疗方法的一个有前景的靶点。然而，生物流体中循环RCAS1浓度作为肿瘤恶性肿瘤管理和预后标志物的临床应用仍需进一步探索，因为目前的数据仍然极为有限。
