Little Carol, Kelly Oonagh J, Jenkins Mark G, Murphy Diarmaid, McCarron Paul
Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Antrim Area Hospital, 45 Bush Road, Antrim BT41 2RL, United Kingdom.
Int Emerg Nurs. 2009 Apr;17(2):99-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2008.10.002. Epub 2008 Dec 27.
There are currently a number of different methods available to obtain anaesthesia in minor dermatological procedures. Although intradermal infiltration of 1% lidocaine is the favoured method for anaesthesia induction in laceration repair, it can cause significant pain in itself. Topical anaesthesia has been investigated as an alternative to infiltration anaesthesia, with the majority of studies looking at preparations of either TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline and cocaine) or LAT (lidocaine, adrenaline and tetracaine).
A computerised search of the literature was undertaken, using Medline, Cinahl and the Cochrane Library, to identify studies of interest to this review. Reference lists were examined for further relevant papers.
This paper aims to provide an overview of the use of topical anaesthetics, in laceration repair, in Emergency Medicine (EM) departments.
The literature has shown that the induction of anaesthesia in lacerations has remained largely unchanged over the past few years, with lidocaine infiltration still the preferred method. Many reasons have been put forward as to why topical anaesthetics are not commonly used in the UK. Perhaps it would be beneficial to carry out work in relation to alternative formulations as opposed to overcoming the difficulties associated with formulations that are already available.
目前在小型皮肤科手术中有多种不同的麻醉方法可供选择。尽管1%利多卡因皮内浸润是撕裂伤修复中诱导麻醉的常用方法，但它本身会引起明显疼痛。局部麻醉已被作为浸润麻醉的替代方法进行研究，大多数研究关注的是丁卡因、肾上腺素和可卡因（TAC）或利多卡因、肾上腺素和丁卡因（LAT）制剂。
利用医学文献数据库（Medline）、护理学与健康领域数据库（Cinahl）和考科蓝图书馆对文献进行计算机检索，以确定本综述感兴趣的研究。检查参考文献列表以查找更多相关论文。
本文旨在概述局部麻醉药在急诊科（EM）撕裂伤修复中的应用情况。
文献表明，在过去几年中，撕裂伤麻醉诱导方法基本未变，利多卡因浸润仍是首选方法。关于局部麻醉药在英国未被普遍使用的原因有很多。或许开展与替代制剂相关的工作会比克服现有制剂相关困难更有益。
