Hoeks John C J, Redeker Gisela, Hendriks Petra
Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2009 Jun;38(3):221-35. doi: 10.1007/s10936-009-9107-5. Epub 2009 Apr 5.
Two studies investigated the effects of prosody and pragmatic context on off-line and on-line processing of sentences like John greeted Paul yesterday and Ben today. Such sentences are ambiguous between the so-called 'nongapping' reading, where John greeted Ben, and the highly unpreferred 'gapping' reading, where Ben greeted Paul. In the first experiment, participants listened to dialogues and gave a speeded response as to which reading of an ambiguous target sentence first comes to mind. In the second experiment, they also responded to a visual probe that was presented during the presentation of the ambiguous target. The results show that context and prosody have independent and strong effects on both on-line processing and off-line interpretation of gapping; in the right combination they can make gapping as easy as the normally preferred nongapping reading.
两项研究调查了韵律和语用语境对诸如“约翰昨天向保罗打招呼，本今天（向保罗打招呼）”这类句子的离线和在线处理的影响。这类句子在所谓的“非省略”解读（约翰向本打招呼）和极不常见的“省略”解读（本向保罗打招呼）之间存在歧义。在第一个实验中，参与者听对话，并对首先想到的歧义目标句子的哪种解读给出快速反应。在第二个实验中，他们还对在歧义目标句子呈现过程中出现的视觉探针做出反应。结果表明，语境和韵律对省略的在线处理和离线解读都有独立且强烈的影响；以正确的组合方式，它们可以使省略解读与通常更受欢迎的非省略解读一样容易理解。
