Miron-Shatz Talya
Woodrow Wilson School for Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 327 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA.
Emotion. 2009 Apr;9(2):206-13. doi: 10.1037/a0015295.
This study advances our understanding of how people arrive at retrospective evaluations of multiepisode experiences. Large samples from the United States, France, and Denmark (810, 820, and 805 participants, respectively) reported their feelings during each episode of the previous day using the Day Reconstruction Method. The duration-weighted average of these feelings represented the normative approach to evaluation, and, contrary to the predictions of the peak-end rule, the average was the best predictor of retrospective evaluations of the day. To capture participants' heuristic evaluation, they also reported having a wonderful (peak) and/or awful (low) moment during the previous day. The results indicate that retrospective evaluations of multiepisode events rely on the averaged ratings of emotions, ignore ends, and also consider the presence of lows, and occasionally peaks, as subjectively defined by those experiencing them. Peaks and lows contribute more to comparative, rather than absolute evaluations. Future research should examine whether these findings extend to other multiepisode events that, unlike days, form cohesive units in terms of their content, goal, and emotionality.
本研究增进了我们对人们如何对多段经历进行回顾性评价的理解。来自美国、法国和丹麦的大量样本（分别为810名、820名和805名参与者）使用“日重构法”报告了前一天各时段的感受。这些感受的时长加权平均值代表了评价的规范方法，与峰值-末端规则的预测相反，该平均值是对当天进行回顾性评价的最佳预测指标。为了捕捉参与者的启发式评价，他们还报告了前一天中经历的美好（峰值）和/或糟糕（低谷）时刻。结果表明，对多段事件的回顾性评价依赖于情绪的平均评分，忽略结尾，并且还会考虑低谷的存在，偶尔也会考虑峰值，这些峰值和低谷是由经历这些事件的人主观定义的。峰值和低谷对比较性评价的贡献更大，而非绝对评价。未来的研究应考察这些发现是否适用于其他多段事件，这些事件与一天的经历不同，在内容、目标和情感方面构成连贯的单元。
