Tang De-chu C, Zhang Jianfeng, Toro Haroldo, Shi Zhongkai, Van Kampen Kent R
Vaxin Inc., 1500 First Avenue North, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009 Apr;8(4):469-81. doi: 10.1586/erv.09.1.
A long-sought goal during the battle against avian influenza is to develop a new generation of vaccines capable of mass immunizing humans as well as poultry (the major source of avian influenza for human infections) in a timely manner. Although administration of the currently licensed influenza vaccine is effective in eliciting protective immunity against seasonal influenza, this approach is associated with a number of insurmountable problems for preventing an avian influenza pandemic. Many of the hurdles may be eliminated by developing new avian influenza vaccines that do not require the propagation of an influenza virus during vaccine production. Replication-competent adenovirus-free adenovirus vectors hold promise as a carrier for influenza virus-free avian influenza vaccines owing to their safety profile and rapid manufacture using cultured suspension cells in a serum-free medium. Simple and efficient mass-immunization protocols, including nasal spray for people and automated in ovo vaccination for poultry, convey another advantage for this class of vaccines. In contrast to parenteral injection of adenovirus vector, the potency of adenovirus-vectored nasal vaccine is not appreciably interfered by pre-existing immunity to adenovirus.
对抗禽流感斗争中长期追求的目标是研发新一代疫苗，能够及时对人类以及家禽（人类感染禽流感的主要源头）进行大规模免疫。尽管目前已获许可的流感疫苗接种在引发针对季节性流感的保护性免疫方面有效，但这种方法在预防禽流感大流行方面存在一些无法克服的问题。通过研发在疫苗生产过程中不需要流感病毒增殖的新型禽流感疫苗，许多障碍或许可以消除。具有复制能力的无腺病毒腺病毒载体有望成为无流感病毒禽流感疫苗的载体，这得益于其安全特性以及可在无血清培养基中使用培养的悬浮细胞快速生产。简单高效的大规模免疫方案，包括针对人类的鼻喷接种和针对家禽的自动化胚内接种，为这类疫苗带来了另一优势。与腺病毒载体的皮下注射不同，腺病毒载体鼻用疫苗的效力不会受到对腺病毒的预先存在的免疫力的明显干扰。
