Gambichler Thilo, Al-Muhammadi Raida, Boms Stefanie
Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10(3):169-80. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200910030-00003.
Electromagnetic radiation may cause distinct skin conditions. The immunologically mediated photodermatoses (IMP, previous term: idiopathic photodermatoses) represent a heterogenous group of disorders presenting with pathologic skin reactions caused by optical radiation, particularly in the UVA wavelength region. The exact pathomechanism in IMP remains to be elucidated; however, it is very likely (auto)-immunologic in nature. Polymorphic light eruption, actinic prurigo, hydroa vacciniforme, chronic actinic dermatitis, and solar urticaria are the most important conditions that may be summarized under the term IMP. IMP frequently result in a significant reduction in quality of life in affected individuals, mainly because of troublesome symptoms such as intractable itch and pain. Photodiagnostic procedures are mandatory for the exact determination of action spectra and the degree of photosensitivity. Broad-spectrum photoprotection is essential in the prevention of IMP. Photo(chemo)therapeutic regimens are predominantly used to increase the cutaneous immunologic tolerance against ambient UV radiation. In severe forms of IMP, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies may need to be considered. Overall, IMP form a significant group of skin conditions that can be extremely disabling to the patient and are difficult to diagnose and treat.
电磁辐射可能导致多种不同的皮肤状况。免疫介导的光皮肤病（IMP，旧称：特发性光皮肤病）是一组异质性疾病，表现为由光辐射，特别是在UVA波长区域，引起的病理性皮肤反应。IMP的确切发病机制仍有待阐明；然而，其本质很可能是（自身）免疫性的。多形性日光疹、光化性痒疹、种痘样水疱病、慢性光化性皮炎和日光性荨麻疹是可归为IMP这一术语下的最重要的病症。IMP常常导致受影响个体的生活质量显著下降，主要是因为诸如难以忍受的瘙痒和疼痛等令人烦恼的症状。光诊断程序对于准确确定作用光谱和光敏程度是必不可少的。广谱光防护对于预防IMP至关重要。光（化学）治疗方案主要用于提高皮肤对环境紫外线辐射的免疫耐受性。在严重的IMP形式中，可能需要考虑免疫调节和免疫抑制疗法。总体而言，IMP构成了一组重要的皮肤状况，可能会使患者极度致残，并且难以诊断和治疗。
