Xiao Ling, Lu Changming, Zhang Bing, Bo Huijie, Wu Yuhua, Wu Gang, Cao Yinglong, Yu Deyue
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
Transgenic Res. 2009 Oct;18(5):733-46. doi: 10.1007/s11248-009-9261-4. Epub 2009 Apr 9.
Gene transferability from transgenic rapeseed to various subspecies and varieties of Brassica rapa was assessed in this study. Artificial crossability was studied in 118 cultivars of 7 B. rapa subspecies and varieties with the transgenic rapeseed GT73 (Brassica napus) as the pollen donor. On average 5.7 seeds were obtained per pollination, with a range from 0.05 to 19.4. The heading type of B. rapa L. showed significantly higher crossability than non-heading types of B. rapa. The spontaneous outcrossing rate between B. rapa (female) and the transgenic rapeseed Ms8 x Rf3 (B. napus) (male) ranged from 0.039 to 0.406%, with an average of 0.19%. The fertilization process and the development of the hybrid seeds as shown by fluorescent staining techniques indicated that the number of adhered pollens on the stigma was reduced by 80%, the number of pollen tubes in the style was reduced by 2/3 and the fertilization time was delayed by over 20 h when pollinated with the transgenic rapeseed Ms8 x Rf3 in comparison with the bud self-pollination of B. rapa as control. About 10-70% of the interspecific hybrid embryos were aborted in the course of development. Some seeds looked cracked in mature pods, which showed germination abilities lower than 10%. The spontaneous outcrossing rates were much lower than the artificial crossability, and their survival fitness of the interspecific hybrid was very low, indicating that it should be possible to keep the adventitious presence of the off-plants under the allowed threshold, if proper measures are taken.
本研究评估了转基因油菜籽向不同亚种和品种的白菜型油菜的基因转移能力。以转基因油菜GT73（甘蓝型油菜）为花粉供体，对7个白菜型油菜亚种和品种的118个品种进行了人工杂交亲和性研究。每次授粉平均获得5.7粒种子，范围为0.05至19.4粒。白菜型油菜的抽薹型表现出比非抽薹型白菜型油菜显著更高的杂交亲和性。白菜型油菜（母本）与转基因油菜Ms8×Rf3（甘蓝型油菜）（父本）之间的自然异交率在0.039%至0.406%之间，平均为0.19%。荧光染色技术显示的受精过程和杂种种子发育表明，与以白菜型油菜蕾期自花授粉作为对照相比，用转基因油菜Ms8×Rf3授粉时，柱头上附着的花粉数量减少了80%，花柱中的花粉管数量减少了2/3，受精时间延迟了20多个小时。约10%-70%的种间杂种胚在发育过程中败育。一些种子在成熟荚中看起来有裂纹，其发芽能力低于10%。自然异交率远低于人工杂交亲和性，且种间杂种的生存适合度非常低，这表明如果采取适当措施，有可能将非目标植株的偶然存在控制在允许阈值以下。
