Ames Daniel R, Johar Gita V
Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2009 May;20(5):586-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02330.x. Epub 2009 Apr 2.
Accumulating evidence suggests that targets' displays of emotion shape perceivers' impression of those targets. Prior research has highlighted generalization effects, such as an angry display prompting an impression of hostility. In two studies, we went beyond generalization to examine the interaction of displays and behaviors, finding new evidence of augmenting effects (behavior-correspondent inferences are stronger when behavior is accompanied by positive affect) and discounting effects (such inferences are weaker when behavior is accompanied by negative affect). Thus, the same display can have different effects on impressions depending on the behavior it accompanies. We found evidence that these effects are mediated by ascribed intentions and that they have a boundary: When behaviors and affective displays are repeated, the augmenting and discounting power of displays appears to wane.
越来越多的证据表明,目标对象的情绪表现会塑造感知者对这些目标对象的印象。先前的研究强调了泛化效应,比如愤怒的表现会引发对敌意的印象。在两项研究中,我们超越了泛化,去考察表现与行为的相互作用,发现了增强效应(当行为伴有积极情绪时,与行为相符的推断更强)和折扣效应(当行为伴有消极情绪时,此类推断更弱)的新证据。因此,同样的表现根据其所伴随的行为,会对印象产生不同的影响。我们发现有证据表明,这些效应是由归因意图介导的,而且它们存在一个边界:当行为和情感表现重复出现时,表现的增强和折扣作用似乎会减弱。