Meza Manuel, Patterson Patrick, Nakayasu Hidetoshi
Texas Tech University, Lubbock,TX.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2009;45:83-8.
Older licensed drivers are involved in more crash deaths than any other age group. A critical issue in reducing these accident numbers is to improve our understanding of the association between the visual performance of these older drivers and their useful field of view (UFOV) when driving. We estimated driver saccadic amplitudes and fixation durations for ten different traffic scenarios using a driving simulator. Six traffic situations presented dangerous or other relevant events to the drivers, with the other four having no dangerous or relevant events. To estimate saccadic amplitudes and fixation durations, eye position data was analyzed during the five seconds before and five seconds after the traffic situations. Results imply that eye movements, fixation durations and number of fixation change as a function of the visual stimuli presented in each traffic situation. The difference in age was found to be significant for number of fixations and fixation time, but not for the total eye movement. Based on these results, we expressed UFOV as a function of saccadic amplitude between fixation points and durations, and estimated the ranges of a sequence UFOVs during the 10-second period for each traffic situation. Our findings suggests that UFOV radius depends on driving scenario, time of event, age-group, driving course, two factor and three-factor interactions among these variables.
年长的持证驾驶员比其他任何年龄组涉及更多的撞车死亡事故。减少这些事故数量的一个关键问题是，增进我们对这些年长驾驶员的视觉表现与其驾驶时的有用视野（UFOV）之间关联的理解。我们使用驾驶模拟器估计了十种不同交通场景下驾驶员的扫视幅度和注视持续时间。六种交通情况向驾驶员呈现了危险或其他相关事件，另外四种则没有危险或相关事件。为了估计扫视幅度和注视持续时间，在交通情况发生前5秒和发生后5秒期间分析了眼睛位置数据。结果表明，眼睛运动、注视持续时间和注视次数会随着每种交通情况中呈现的视觉刺激而变化。发现年龄差异在注视次数和注视时间方面具有显著性，但在总眼球运动方面不具有显著性。基于这些结果，我们将UFOV表示为注视点之间扫视幅度和持续时间的函数，并估计了每种交通情况在10秒期间一系列UFOV的范围。我们的研究结果表明，UFOV半径取决于驾驶场景、事件发生时间、年龄组、驾驶路线、这些变量之间的双因素和三因素相互作用。
