大麻引发因素、对大麻的预期及算术效率。
Marijuana primes, marijuana expectancies, and arithmetic efficiency.
作者信息
Hicks Joshua A, Pedersen Sarah L, McCarthy Denis M, Friedman Ronald S
机构信息
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009 May;70(3):391-9. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.391.
OBJECTIVE
Previous research has shown that primes associated with alcohol influence behavior consistent with specific alcohol expectancies. The present study examined whether exposure to marijuana-related primes and marijuana expectancies interact to produce similar effects. Specifically, the present study examined whether marijuana primes and marijuana expectancies regarding cognitive and behavioral impairment interact to influence performance on an arithmetic task.
METHOD
Two independent samples (N = 260) of undergraduate students (both marijuana users and nonusers) first completed measures of marijuana-outcome expectancies associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment and with general negative effects (Sample 2). Later in the semester, participants were exposed to marijuana-related (or neutral) primes and then completed an arithmetic task.
RESULTS
Results from Sample 1 indicated that participants who were exposed to marijuana-themed magazine covers performed more poorly on the arithmetic task if they expected that marijuana would lead to cognitive and behavioral impairment. Results from Sample 2 indicated that, for marijuana users, cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies, but not expectancies regarding general negative effects, similarly moderated arithmetic performance for participants exposed to marijuana-related words.
CONCLUSIONS
Results support the hypothesis that the implicit activation of specific marijuana-outcome expectancies can influence cognitive processes. Implications for research on marijuana are discussed.
目的
先前的研究表明，与酒精相关的启动刺激会影响与特定酒精预期相符的行为。本研究考察了接触与大麻相关的启动刺激和大麻预期是否会相互作用产生类似的效果。具体而言，本研究考察了关于认知和行为损害的大麻启动刺激和大麻预期是否会相互作用影响算术任务的表现。
方法
两个独立样本（N = 260）的本科生（包括大麻使用者和非使用者）首先完成了与认知和行为损害以及一般负面影响相关的大麻结果预期测量（样本2）。在本学期后期，参与者接触与大麻相关（或中性）的启动刺激，然后完成一项算术任务。
结果
样本1的结果表明，如果预期大麻会导致认知和行为损害，那么接触以大麻为主题杂志封面的参与者在算术任务上表现更差。样本2的结果表明，对于大麻使用者来说，认知和行为损害预期而非一般负面影响预期同样调节了接触与大麻相关词汇的参与者的算术表现。
结论
结果支持这样的假设，即特定大麻结果预期的内隐激活会影响认知过程。讨论了对大麻研究的启示。
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