Gunn Rachel L, Skalski Linda, Metrik Jane
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Sep 1;178:39-42. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.027. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Marijuana use has been associated with increased risk-taking and impulsive behavior. While pharmacologic effects of marijuana can lead to inhibitory impairment, expectancy of potential impairment may result in compensatory behavioral response by decreasing impulsive decisions and risky behaviors. With the increases in marijuana use and related problems, a better understanding of the individual characteristics associated with marijuana intoxication and risky behavior is needed. This study examined the role of impairment expectancies in marijuana's acute effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and risk-taking.
Participants (N=136) were regular marijuana users. A balanced placebo design (BPD) was used crossing marijuana administration (i.e., 0% Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vs. 2.8% THC) with stimulus expectancy (i.e., Told Placebo vs. Told THC). Marijuana outcome expectancies were measured by self-report and dependent measures included a number of behavioral impulsivity tasks and the balloon analogue risk task (BART).
Among participants who received THC, higher expectancies for cognitive-behavioral impairment (CBI) were related to lower risk-taking on the BART. Among those who received placebo, there was no association between CBI expectancies and BART performance. CBI expectancies did not moderate the stimulus expectancy effect on the BART nor drug or stimulus expectancy effects on impulsivity measures.
Results provide initial evidence that expectancies of greater impairment are associated with compensatory behavior on a risk-taking task under acute marijuana intoxication. Future studies should examine the role of impairment expectancies on risk behaviors of substantial public health concern, such as driving while under the influence of marijuana.
使用大麻与冒险行为增加和冲动行为有关。虽然大麻的药理作用可导致抑制功能受损，但对潜在损害的预期可能会通过减少冲动决策和危险行为而产生补偿性的行为反应。随着大麻使用量及其相关问题的增加，需要更好地了解与大麻中毒及危险行为相关的个体特征。本研究考察了损害预期在大麻对冲动性和冒险行为的行为测量的急性影响中的作用。
参与者（N = 136）为大麻经常使用者。采用平衡安慰剂设计（BPD），将大麻给药（即0%四氢大麻酚（THC）与2.8% THC）与刺激预期（即告知为安慰剂与告知为THC）进行交叉。通过自我报告测量大麻结果预期，相关测量指标包括一些行为冲动性任务和气球模拟风险任务（BART）。
在接受THC的参与者中，对认知行为损害（CBI）的预期越高，与在BART上的冒险行为越少相关。在接受安慰剂的参与者中，CBI预期与BART表现之间没有关联。CBI预期并未调节刺激预期对BART的影响，也未调节药物或刺激预期对冲动性测量的影响。
研究结果提供了初步证据，表明在急性大麻中毒情况下，对更大损害的预期与冒险任务中的补偿行为有关。未来的研究应考察损害预期在诸如大麻影响下驾驶等重大公共卫生问题的风险行为中的作用。
