Introduction to microarray technology.

DNA microarrays can be used for large number of application where high-throughput is needed. The ability to probe a sample for hundred to million different molecules at once has made DNA microarray one of the fastest growing techniques since its introduction about 15 years ago. Microarray technology can be used for large scale genotyping, gene expression profiling, comparative genomic hybridization and resequencing among other applications. Microarray technology is a complex mixture of numerous technology and research fields such as mechanics, microfabrication, chemistry, DNA behaviour, microfluidics, enzymology, optics and bioinformatics. This chapter will give an introduction to each five basic steps in microarray technology that includes fabrication, target preparation, hybridization, detection and data analysis. Basic concepts and nomenclature used in the field of microarray technology and their relationships will also be explained.