Wiegand L, Zwillich C W, Wiegand D, White D P
Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Aug;71(2):488-97. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.488.
Several investigators have observed that irregular breathing occurs during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep in healthy subjects, with ventilatory suppression being prominent during active eye movements [phasic REM (PREM) sleep] as opposed to tonic REM (TREM) sleep, when ocular activity is absent and ventilation more regular. Inasmuch as considerable data suggest that rapid eye movements are a manifestation of sleep-induced neural events that may importantly influence respiratory neurons, we hypothesized that upper airway dilator muscle activation may also be suppressed during periods of active eye movements in REM sleep. We studied six normal men during single nocturnal sleep studies. Standard sleep-staging parameters, ventilation, and genioglossus and alae nasi electromyograms (EMG) were continuously recorded during the study. There were no significant differences in minute ventilation, tidal volume, or any index of genioglossus or alae nasi EMG amplitude between non-REM (NREM) and REM sleep, when REM was analyzed as a single sleep stage. Each breath during REM sleep was scored as "phasic" or "tonic," depending on its proximity to REM deflections on the electrooculogram. Comparison of all three sleep states (NREM, PREM, and TREM) revealed that peak inspiratory genioglossus and alae nasi EMG activities were significantly decreased during PREM sleep compared with TREM sleep [genioglossus (arbitrary units): NREM 49 +/- 12 (mean +/- SE), TREM 49 +/- 5, PREM 20 +/- 5 (P less than 0.05, PREM different from TREM and NREM); alae nasi: NREM 16 +/- 4, TREM 38 +/- 7, PREM 10 +/- 4 (P less than 0.05, PREM different from TREM)]. We also observed, as have others, that ventilation, tidal volume, and mean inspiratory airflow were significantly decreased and respiratory frequency was increased during PREM sleep compared with both TREM and NREM sleep. We conclude that hypoventilation occurs in concert with reduced upper airway dilator muscle activation during PREM sleep by mechanisms that remain to be established.
几位研究者观察到，健康受试者在快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间会出现不规则呼吸，与眼球活动缺失且通气更规律的紧张性REM（TREM）睡眠相反，在活跃的眼球运动期间[相位性REM（PREM）睡眠]通气抑制较为显著。鉴于大量数据表明快速眼动是睡眠诱导的神经事件的一种表现，而这些神经事件可能对呼吸神经元有重要影响，我们推测在REM睡眠的活跃眼球运动期间，上气道扩张肌的激活也可能受到抑制。我们在六项针对正常男性的夜间睡眠研究中进行了观察。研究过程中持续记录标准睡眠分期参数、通气情况以及颏舌肌和鼻翼肌的肌电图（EMG）。当将REM作为一个单一睡眠阶段进行分析时，非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠和REM睡眠在分钟通气量、潮气量或颏舌肌及鼻翼肌EMG幅度的任何指标上均无显著差异。REM睡眠期间的每一次呼吸根据其与眼电图上REM偏转的接近程度被分为“相位性”或“紧张性”。对所有三种睡眠状态（NREM、PREM和TREM）的比较显示，与TREM睡眠相比，PREM睡眠期间吸气时颏舌肌和鼻翼肌的EMG活动峰值显著降低[颏舌肌（任意单位）：NREM 49±12（平均值±标准误），TREM 49±5，PREM 20±5（P<0.05，PREM与TREM和NREM不同）；鼻翼肌：NREM 16±4，TREM 38±7，PREM 10±4（P<0.05，PREM与TREM不同）]。我们还观察到，与其他人的研究结果一致，与TREM睡眠和NREM睡眠相比，PREM睡眠期间通气量、潮气量和平均吸气气流显著降低，呼吸频率增加。我们得出结论，PREM睡眠期间通气不足与上气道扩张肌激活减少同时发生，其机制尚待确定。
