Stober Gerald, Ben-Shachar Dorit, Cardon M, Falkai Peter, Fonteh Alfred N, Gawlik Micha, Glenthoj Birte Y, Grunblatt Edna, Jablensky Assen, Kim Yong-Ku, Kornhuber Johannes, McNeil Thomas F, Muller Norbert, Oranje Bob, Saito Toshikazu, Saoud Mohamed, Schmitt Andrea, Schwartz Michal, Thome Johannes, Uzbekov Marat, Durany Nuria, Riederer Peter
Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10(2):127-55. doi: 10.1080/15622970902898980.
Objective. The phenotypic complexity, together with the multifarious nature of the so-called "schizophrenic psychoses", limits our ability to form a simple and logical biologically based hypothesis for the disease group. Biological markers are defined as biochemical, physiological or anatomical traits that are specific to particular conditions. An important aim of biomarker discovery is the detection of disease correlates that can be used as diagnostic tools. Method. A selective review of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers in schizophrenia is provided from the central nervous system to phenotypes, functional brain systems, chromosomal loci with potential genetic markers to the peripheral systems. Results. A number of biological measures have been proposed to be correlated with schizophrenia. At present, not a single biological trait in schizophrenia is available which achieves sufficient specificity, selectivity and is based on causal pathology and predictive validity to be recommended as diagnostic marker. Conclusions. With the emergence of new technologies and rigorous phenotypic subclassification the identification of genetic bases and assessment of dynamic disease related alterations will hopefully come to a new stage in the complex field of psychiatric research.
目的。所谓“精神分裂症性精神病”的表型复杂性及其多样的本质，限制了我们为该疾病群体形成一个简单且符合逻辑的基于生物学的假说的能力。生物标志物被定义为特定病症所特有的生化、生理或解剖学特征。生物标志物发现的一个重要目标是检测可作为诊断工具的疾病关联因素。方法。对精神分裂症生物标志物工作组进行了选择性综述，内容涵盖从中枢神经系统到表型、功能性脑系统、具有潜在遗传标志物的染色体位点，再到外周系统。结果。已提出多项生物学指标与精神分裂症相关。目前，精神分裂症中没有一个生物学特征能够达到足够的特异性、选择性，且基于因果病理学和预测效度而被推荐作为诊断标志物。结论。随着新技术的出现以及严格的表型亚分类，在复杂的精神病学研究领域，对遗传基础的识别和对动态疾病相关改变的评估有望进入一个新阶段。
