Avisar Dror, Lester Yaal, Ronen Daniel
The Hydro-chemistry Laboratory, The Department of Geography and the Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Jul 1;407(14):4278-82. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.032. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
Groundwater samples were obtained from the water table region of a phreatic aquifer (unsaturated zone depth up to 28 m) under land irrigated with wastewater effluents for about 5 decades and a relatively deep pumping well (109 m), used as a drinking water source till 2007, located downstream (1300 m) of wastewater effluent and sludge infiltration facilities. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) concentrations in secondary effluents varied between 90 and 150 ng/L. SMX was extracted using SPE and was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. SMX (maximum concentration of 37 ng/L) was detected in the water table region, in two monitoring wells, after an unsaturated zone transport period of about 16 years. The maximum SMX concentration detected in the pumping well was of 20 ng/L. These results question wastewater effluent disposal strategies including the suitability of irrigation with effluents on the replenishment area of an aquifer supplying drinking water.
地下水样本取自一个潜水含水层的地下水位区域（非饱和带深度达28米），该区域土地用废水灌溉约50年，还有一口相对较深的抽水井（109米），直到2007年一直作为饮用水源，位于废水排放和污泥渗透设施下游1300米处。二级出水中文拉法辛浓度在90至150纳克/升之间。采用固相萃取法提取文拉法辛，并通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。经过约16年的非饱和带运移期后，在两个监测井的地下水位区域检测到文拉法辛（最大浓度为37纳克/升）。在抽水井中检测到的文拉法辛最大浓度为20纳克/升。这些结果对废水排放处置策略提出了质疑，包括在为饮用水供水的含水层补给区用废水进行灌溉是否合适。
