Bahar Arif
Abt. für Kinderheilkunde, Medi-Tech Hospital, Ftasa-Ordu, Turkey.
Kinderkrankenschwester. 2009 Apr;28(4):157-9.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex disease of the developing retinal vasculature in premature infants. Clinical manifestations range from mild, usually transient changes of the peripheral retina to severe progressive vasoproliferation, and potentally blinding retinal detachment. With better standards in premature units and with increased survival rate of low gestational age and low birth weight infants the incidence of ROP also increased. The incidence of ROP has been decreasing in developed countries over the past decade, and ROP has become potentially confined to immature neonates with birth weights less than 1000 grams in these countries. Prematurity and retinal immaturity are the major risk factors. Oxygenation, respiratory distress, apnea, bradycardia, hearth disease, infection, hypercarbia, acidosis, anemia, and the need for transfusion are thought by some to be contributory factors. All of the preterm babies with a birth weight under 1500 grams and a gestational age under 32 weeks should be followed for ROP.
早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是一种发生于早产儿视网膜血管发育过程中的复杂疾病。其临床表现多样，从周边视网膜通常为短暂性的轻微改变，到严重的进行性血管增殖，甚至可能导致失明的视网膜脱离。随着早产儿护理水平的提高以及低孕周、低出生体重婴儿存活率的增加，ROP的发病率也有所上升。在过去十年中，发达国家ROP的发病率一直在下降，在这些国家，ROP可能已局限于出生体重低于1000克的未成熟新生儿。早产和视网膜未成熟是主要危险因素。一些人认为，氧疗、呼吸窘迫、呼吸暂停、心动过缓、心脏病、感染、高碳酸血症、酸中毒、贫血以及输血需求等都是促成因素。所有出生体重低于1500克且孕周小于32周的早产儿都应接受ROP随访。
