Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Discipline of Medical Radiations, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia.
Eur J Radiol. 2010 Jul;75(1):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.03.057. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
To identify the benefits in image contrast enhancement using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) compared to conventional iodinated contrast media.
Gold nanoparticles and iodinated contrast media were evaluated for contrast enhancement at various X-ray tube potentials in an imaging phantom. Iopromide and AuNP suspension were equalized according to molar concentration of radiopaque element (0.5077 Mol/L). Contrast-to-noise ratio is used to quantify contrast enhancement. Both projectional radiographic (40-80 kVp) and computed tomography (CT) (80-140 kVp) imaging modalities were examined.
Findings indicate 89% improvement in CNR at low energies near the mammographic range (40 kVp). However, as expected no significant difference in enhancement was observed at potentials commonly used for angiography (around 80 kVp) probably due to the k-edge influence for iodine. At the highest energies typically available in computed tomography, significant improvement in contrast enhancement using gold nanoparticles is obtained, 114% greater CNR than that produced by iodine at 140 kVp. Experimental findings for 70-120 kVp spectra correlate well with the theoretical calculations based on linear attenuation coefficients. Superior attenuation of gold nanoparticles at low and high kVp potentials support their further (pre)clinical evaluation.
与传统碘对比剂相比，确定金纳米粒子（AuNPs）在图像对比度增强方面的优势。
在成像体模中，评估了金纳米粒子和碘对比剂在不同 X 射线管电压下的对比度增强效果。根据不透射线元素的摩尔浓度（0.5077 Mol/L），使碘普罗胺和 AuNP 悬浮液达到相等。对比度噪声比用于量化对比度增强。分别对投影放射照相（40-80 kVp）和计算机断层扫描（CT）（80-140 kVp）成像模式进行了检查。
结果表明，在接近乳腺摄影范围的低能量（40 kVp）下，CNR 提高了 89%。然而，正如预期的那样，在通常用于血管造影的电位下，增强效果没有显著差异（约 80 kVp），这可能是由于碘的 K 边影响。在 CT 中通常可获得的最高能量下，使用金纳米粒子显著提高了对比度增强效果，在 140 kVp 时，CNR 比碘提高了 114%。70-120 kVp 光谱的实验结果与基于线性衰减系数的理论计算很好地吻合。金纳米粒子在低和高 kVp 电位下的优越衰减支持对其进行进一步的（临床前）评估。
