The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Apr;37(4):529-42. doi: 10.1177/0146167211399473. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
This article introduces the political person perception model, which identifies conditions under which perceivers rely on stereotypes (party membership), individuating information (issue position), or both in political person perception. Three studies supported the model's predictions. Study 1 showed that perceivers gave primacy to target information that was narrowly relevant to a judgment, whether that information was stereotypic or individuating. Study 2 found that perceivers relied exclusively on individuating information when it was narrowly relevant to the judgment and relied on both stereotype and individuating information when individuating information was not narrowly relevant to the judgment but did imply a political ideology. Study 3 replicated these findings in a more ecologically valid context and showed that people relied on party information in the absence of narrowly relevant policy positions and when individuating information did not imply a political ideology. Implications for political person perception and theories of stereotyping are discussed.
本文介绍了政治人物感知模型，该模型确定了在何种条件下，感知者依赖于刻板印象（党派身份）、个体化信息（议题立场）或两者兼而有之来进行政治人物感知。三项研究支持了该模型的预测。研究 1 表明，感知者会优先考虑与判断密切相关的目标信息，无论这些信息是刻板印象还是个体化信息。研究 2 发现，当个体化信息与判断密切相关时，感知者会完全依赖于个体化信息，而当个体化信息与判断不密切相关但确实暗示一种政治意识形态时，感知者会同时依赖于刻板印象和个体化信息。研究 3 在更具生态有效性的背景下复制了这些发现，并表明，当没有密切相关的政策立场且个体化信息不暗示政治意识形态时，人们会依赖党派信息。讨论了这些发现对政治人物感知和刻板印象理论的意义。
