Guidozzi Franco, Black Vivian
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology daggerReproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jun;52(2):270-84. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181a4f365.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic is one of the most serious health crises facing the world. Of the estimated 33.2 million people living with HIV worldwide, 22.5 million (68%) live in Sub-Saharan Africa, where women of childbearing age are most severely affected. Children primarily acquire HIV infection through mother-to-child transmission. Despite recent encouraging success, low-income countries have not been able to effectively curtail transmission of HIV to the infant during or after pregnancy, resulting in about 90% of the estimated 420,000 newly infected children per annum occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）大流行是世界面临的最严重的健康危机之一。全球估计有3320万人感染HIV，其中2250万人（68%）生活在撒哈拉以南非洲，育龄妇女受影响最为严重。儿童主要通过母婴传播感染HIV。尽管最近取得了令人鼓舞的成功，但低收入国家仍未能有效减少孕期或产后HIV向婴儿的传播，导致每年估计42万新感染儿童中约90%发生在撒哈拉以南非洲。
