Department of Radiology, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Administration Medical Center , University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Aug;33(8):1314-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00960.x. Epub 2009 Apr 30.
Neuroimaging studies reported cerebral perfusion abnormalities in individuals with alcohol use disorders. However, no longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of cerebral perfusion changes during abstinence from alcohol have been reported.
Arterial spin labeling MRI was used to evaluate cortical gray matter perfusion changes in short-term abstinent alcohol dependent individuals in treatment and to assess the impact of chronic cigarette smoking on perfusion changes during abstinence. Seventy-six patients were scanned at least once. Data from 19 non-smoking (17 males, 2 females) and 22 smoking (21 males, 1 female) patients scanned at 1 and 5 weeks of abstinence were used to assess perfusion changes over time. Twenty-eight age-equated healthy controls (25 males, 3 females) were scanned for cross-sectional comparison, 13 of them were scanned twice. Given the age range of the cohort (28 to 68 years), age was used as a covariate in the analyses. Mean perfusion was measured in voxels of at least 80% gray matter in the frontal and parietal lobes and related to neurocognitive and substance use measures.
At 1 week of abstinence, frontal and parietal gray matter perfusion in smoking alcoholics was not significantly different from that in non-smoking alcoholics, but each group's perfusion values were significantly lower than in controls. After 5 weeks of abstinence, perfusion of frontal and parietal gray matter in non-smoking alcoholics was significantly higher than that at baseline. However, in smoking alcoholics, perfusion was not significantly different between the time-points in either region. The total number of cigarettes smoked per day was negatively correlated with frontal gray matter perfusion measured at 5 weeks of abstinence. Lobar perfusion measures did not correlate significantly with drinking severity or cognitive domain measures at either time-point.
Although cerebral perfusion in alcohol dependent individuals shows improvement with abstinence from alcohol, cigarette smoking appears to hinder perfusion improvement.
神经影像学研究报道了酒精使用障碍个体的脑灌注异常。然而，目前还没有关于酒精戒断期间脑灌注变化的纵向磁共振成像（MRI）研究。
动脉自旋标记 MRI 用于评估治疗中短期戒酒的酒精依赖个体皮质灰质灌注变化，并评估慢性吸烟对戒断期间灌注变化的影响。76 名患者至少接受了一次扫描。对 19 名不吸烟（17 名男性，2 名女性）和 22 名吸烟（21 名男性，1 名女性）患者在 1 周和 5 周戒断期间的扫描数据进行了评估，以评估随时间的灌注变化。28 名年龄匹配的健康对照者（25 名男性，3 名女性）进行了横断面比较，其中 13 名进行了两次扫描。考虑到队列的年龄范围（28 至 68 岁），在分析中使用年龄作为协变量。在额叶和顶叶的至少 80%灰质体素中测量平均灌注，并将其与神经认知和物质使用测量值相关联。
在戒酒 1 周时，吸烟酒精中毒者的额叶和顶叶灰质灌注与非吸烟酒精中毒者无显著差异，但两组的灌注值均显著低于对照组。在戒酒 5 周后，非吸烟酒精中毒者的额叶和顶叶灰质灌注明显高于基线水平。然而，在吸烟的酒精中毒者中，两个区域的时间点之间的灌注没有显著差异。每天吸烟的总支数与戒酒 5 周时的额叶灰质灌注呈负相关。在两个时间点，脑叶灌注测量值与饮酒严重程度或认知域测量值均无显著相关性。
尽管酒精依赖个体的脑灌注在戒酒后有所改善，但吸烟似乎阻碍了灌注的改善。
