Barnard D R
Medical and Veterinary Entomology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, Florida 32604.
J Med Entomol. 1991 Sep;28(5):557-64. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/28.5.557.
At least five groups of parameters regulate contact between ticks and host animals. Group 1 (seasonal effects) and group 2 (daily effects) comprise abiotic parameters and include daylength, temperature, relative humidity, and interactions thereof. Groups 3, 4, and 5 consist of biotic parameters. These pertain to biological processes in ticks (group 3), such as hunger responses and spatial patterns in aphagous tick populations; biological processes in host animals (group 4), such as patterns of habitat use by host animals; and interactions between host animals and ticks (group 5). Host-tick contact is possible when ticks are hungry, when ticks exhibit a positive appetence response, and when ticks and host animals are together in time and space. A descriptive model is proposed to correlate these processes and interactions with the observed behavior of the host-tick contact system in nature. Emphasis in the model is placed on host activity and differences among host types.
至少有五组参数调节蜱虫与宿主动物之间的接触。第一组（季节效应）和第二组（每日效应）包括非生物参数，包括日照长度、温度、相对湿度及其相互作用。第三、第四和第五组由生物参数组成。这些参数涉及蜱虫的生物过程（第三组），如饥饿反应和无食蜱虫种群的空间模式；宿主动物的生物过程（第四组），如宿主动物的栖息地利用模式；以及宿主动物与蜱虫之间的相互作用（第五组）。当蜱虫饥饿、表现出积极的食欲反应以及蜱虫和宿主动物在时间和空间上同时出现时，宿主与蜱虫的接触才有可能发生。本文提出了一个描述性模型，将这些过程和相互作用与自然界中观察到的宿主 - 蜱虫接触系统的行为联系起来。该模型重点关注宿主活动以及宿主类型之间的差异。
