Wohlgemuth Roland
Sigma-Aldrich, Research Specialities, Industriestrasse 25, 9470 Buchs, Switzerland.
N Biotechnol. 2009 Apr;25(4):204-13. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.01.002. Epub 2009 Jan 21.
The sustainable use of resources by Nature to synthesize the required products at the right place, when they are needed, continues to be the role model for total synthesis and production in general. The combination of molecular and engineering science and technology in the biotechnological approach needs no protecting groups at all and has therefore been established for numerous large-scale routes to both natural and synthetic products in industry. The use of biobased raw materials for chemical synthesis, and the economy of molecular transformations like atom economy and step economy are of growing importance. As safety, health and environmental issues are key drivers for process improvements in the chemical industry, the development of biocatalytic reactions or pathways replacing hazardous reagents is a major focus. The integration of the biocatalytic reaction and downstream processing with product isolation has led to a variety of in situ product recovery techniques and has found numerous successful applications. With the growing collection of biocatalytic reactions, the retrosynthetic thinking can be applied to biocatalysis as well. The introduction of biocatalytic reactions is uniquely suited to cost reductions and higher quality products, as well as to more sustainable processes. The transfer of Nature's simple and robust sensing and control principles as well as its reaction and separation organization into useful technical systems can be applied to different fermentations, biotransformations and downstream processes. Biocatalyst and pathway discovery and development is the key towards new synthetic transformations in industrial biotechnology.
自然界可持续利用资源，在需要的时候于合适的地点合成所需产物，这依然是整个合成及生产领域的典范。生物技术方法中分子科学与工程科学技术的结合根本无需保护基团，因此已被用于工业上众多生产天然产物和合成产物的大规模路线。使用生物基原料进行化学合成，以及诸如原子经济性和步骤经济性等分子转化的经济性正变得越来越重要。由于安全、健康和环境问题是化学工业工艺改进的关键驱动力，开发替代危险试剂的生物催化反应或途径是一个主要重点。生物催化反应与下游加工以及产物分离的整合催生了多种原位产物回收技术，并获得了众多成功应用。随着生物催化反应的不断增多，逆合成思维也可应用于生物催化。引入生物催化反应特别适合降低成本、提高产品质量以及实现更可持续的工艺。将自然界简单而强大的传感与控制原理及其反应和分离机制转化为有用的技术系统，可应用于不同的发酵、生物转化及下游工艺。生物催化剂和途径的发现与开发是工业生物技术实现新的合成转化的关键。
