Cosgrove Kelly P, Krantzler Erica, Frohlich Erin B, Stiklus Stephanie, Pittman Brian, Tamagnan Gilles D, Baldwin Ronald M, Bois Frederic, Seibyl John P, Krystal John H, O'Malley Stephanie S, Staley Julie K
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 Sep;34(10):2218-26. doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.49. Epub 2009 May 13.
Tobacco smoking is highly comorbid with heavy alcohol drinking, yet the interaction of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on brain catecholaminergic synaptic markers is unexplored. Here we evaluate the effects of alcohol drinking alone from comorbid alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) transporter availability. A total of 14 heavy alcohol drinking smokers (n=6) and nonsmokers (n=8) and 14 age-matched control smokers (n=6) and nonsmokers (n=8) were imaged with [(123)]beta-CIT single photon emission computed tomography. Alcohol drinking smokers and nonsmokers consumed 134.3+/-100.3 and 196.5+/-139.9 drinks, respectively, over the previous month and were imaged during acute withdrawal, eg within 5 days of their last drink. Striatal DA transporter availability was significantly higher (16%, P=0.04) in alcohol drinkers compared to controls. 5-HT transporter availability was also significantly higher in alcohol drinkers vs controls in the brainstem (25%, P=0.001) and the diencephalon (8%, P=0.01). This elevation was restricted to alcohol drinking nonsmokers with higher DA transporter availability in the striatum (26%, P=0.006), and higher 5-HT transporter availability in the diencephalon (26%, P=0.04) and brainstem (42%, P<0.0002). There was a significant positive correlation between days since last drink and 5-HT transporter availability in the diencephalon (r=0.60, P=0.023) and brainstem (r=0.54, P=0.047), in the total group of alcohol drinkers and in the nonsmokers, but not the smokers. During the first week of abstinence, DA and 5-HT transporter availability is higher in alcohol drinking nonsmokers but not in alcohol drinking smokers. Smoking appears to suppress neuroadaptive changes in DA and 5-HT transporters during acute withdrawal from alcohol.
吸烟与大量饮酒高度共病，但吸烟与饮酒对脑内儿茶酚胺能突触标志物的相互作用尚未得到探索。在此，我们评估单独饮酒（与合并饮酒及吸烟相对）对多巴胺（DA）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）转运体可用性的影响。共有14名大量饮酒的吸烟者（n = 6）和非吸烟者（n = 8）以及14名年龄匹配的对照吸烟者（n = 6）和非吸烟者（n = 8）接受了[(123)]β-CIT单光子发射计算机断层扫描成像。饮酒的吸烟者和非吸烟者在前一个月分别饮用了134.3±100.3杯和196.5±139.9杯酒，并在急性戒断期间（例如在最后一次饮酒后的5天内）进行成像。与对照组相比，饮酒者纹状体DA转运体可用性显著更高（16%，P = 0.04）。饮酒者脑干（25%，P = 0.001）和间脑（8%，P = 0.01）中的5-HT转运体可用性也显著高于对照组。这种升高仅限于不吸烟的饮酒者，其纹状体中DA转运体可用性更高（26%，P = 0.006），间脑（26%，P = 0.04）和脑干（42%，P < 0.0002）中5-HT转运体可用性更高。在所有饮酒者以及非吸烟者（而非吸烟者）中，自最后一次饮酒以来的天数与间脑（r = 0.60，P =
