Mobbs Dean, Yu Rongjun, Meyer Marcel, Passamonti Luca, Seymour Ben, Calder Andrew J, Schweizer Susanne, Frith Chris D, Dalgleish Tim
Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.
Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):900. doi: 10.1126/science.1170539.
Humans appear to have an inherent prosocial tendency toward one another in that we often take pleasure in seeing others succeed. This fact is almost certainly exploited by game shows, yet why watching others win elicits a pleasurable vicarious rewarding feeling in the absence of personal economic gain is unclear. One explanation is that game shows use contestants who have similarities to the viewing population, thereby kindling kin-motivated responses (for example, prosocial behavior). Using a game show-inspired paradigm, we show that the interactions between the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex subserve the modulation of vicarious reward by similarity, respectively. Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers.
人类似乎对彼此有一种内在的亲社会倾向，即我们常常从看到他人成功中获得乐趣。游戏节目几乎肯定利用了这一事实，但在没有个人经济收益的情况下，为何观看他人获胜会引发一种愉悦的替代性奖励感尚不清楚。一种解释是，游戏节目使用与观众群体有相似之处的参赛者，从而引发亲属动机反应（例如亲社会行为）。通过一种受游戏节目启发的范式，我们表明腹侧纹状体和前扣带回皮质之间的相互作用分别有助于通过相似性对替代性奖励进行调节。我们的结果支持了一些研究，这些研究表明相似性是一种直接的神经生物学机制，亲社会行为通过它延伸到无关的陌生人身上。
