Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 17;17(10):e0276062. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276062. eCollection 2022.
Information is personally useless if its beholder cannot individually benefit from it further unless she shares it with those who can exploit that information to increase their mutual outcome. We study sharing such information anonymously in a non-strategic and non-competitive setting, where selfish and cooperative motives align. Although sharing information was cost-free and resulted in expected mutual payoff, almost all subjects showed some levels of hesitancy toward sharing information, and it was more severe in the introverts. According to our mechanistic model, this irrationality could arise because of the excessive subjective value of personally useless information and low other-regarding motives, that necessitated over-attainable personal benefit to drive sharing. Interestingly, other-regarding element correlated with the subjects' belief about how others are cooperative in general. In addition, sensitivity to the value of information correlated with their extraversion level. The results open a new window towards understanding inefficient motives that deprive people of collective benefit.
如果信息的使用者无法从中受益，那么这些信息对其个人而言毫无用处，除非他将这些信息与能够利用这些信息来增加共同收益的人分享。我们在非策略性和非竞争性的环境中匿名研究信息共享问题，在这种环境下，自私和合作的动机是一致的。尽管分享信息是免费的，并且会带来预期的共同回报，但几乎所有的参与者在分享信息时都表现出了一定程度的犹豫，而内向者的犹豫程度更为严重。根据我们的机械模型，这种非理性可能是由于个人无用信息的主观价值过高和其他关注因素较低，这需要过高的个人利益来驱动信息共享。有趣的是，其他关注因素与参与者对他人普遍合作程度的信念有关。此外，对信息价值的敏感性与他们的外向程度有关。这些结果为理解导致人们无法获得集体利益的低效动机开辟了一个新的视角。
