Wughalter E H, Gondola J C
Program in Physical Education, New York University.
Percept Mot Skills. 1991 Aug;73(1):187-90. doi: 10.2466/pms.1991.73.1.187.
To develop a psychological profile of professional female athletes, specifically of elite tennis players, 16 professional female tennis players from five countries were given the Profile of Mood States to measure six mood states: tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion. When age was controlled in the design, older female athletes exhibited the "iceberg profile," i.e., they scored higher on the vigor mood state and lower on all other mood states than college-age women. Younger athletes scored like college-age women. These results only partially support the 1987 work of Morgan, O'Connor, Sparling, and Pate.
为了建立职业女运动员，特别是精英网球运动员的心理档案，来自五个国家的16名职业女网球运动员接受了情绪状态剖面图测试，以测量六种情绪状态：紧张、抑郁、愤怒、活力、疲劳和困惑。在设计中对年龄进行控制后，年长的女运动员呈现出“冰山剖面图”，即与大学年龄女性相比，她们在活力情绪状态上得分更高，而在所有其他情绪状态上得分更低。年轻运动员的得分与大学年龄女性相似。这些结果仅部分支持了摩根、奥康纳、斯帕林和佩特1987年的研究成果。
