Terry P C, Slade A
School of Physical Education and Sport, Brunel University College, Isleworth, Middlesex, England.
Percept Mot Skills. 1995 Aug;81(1):275-86. doi: 10.2466/pms.1995.81.1.275.
Male Shotokan karate players (karateka) (N = 208) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Profile of Mood States about 40 minutes before a competition. Single-factor multivariate analysis of variance of preperformance mood and anxiety scores indicated significant differences between winning and losing competitors. Winners scored higher on Vigor, Anger, and Self-confidence, and lower on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, Confusion, Cognitive Anxiety, and Somatic Anxiety. Discriminant function analysis showed that 91.96% of participants could be correctly classified as winners or losers on the basis of preperformance mood scores. This figure rose to 93.47% when scores on the anxiety subscales were also included in the discriminant function analysis. Anxiety scores alone produced 78.89% discrimination. Mood profiles for winning karateka were in line with the "mental health" profile of Morgan except for above-average scores on Anger. This result supports the view of McGowan and Miller that anger may facilitate performance in karate competition. The capacity of measures of psychological state to discriminate performance exceeds previous reports, suggesting that karate performance may be exceptionally mood-dependent. These results suggest that interventions which increase scores on Vigor and Anger and reduce scores on Tension, Depression, Fatigue, and Confusion may be particularly efficacious for Shotokan karate performance.
208名男性空手道选手在比赛前约40分钟完成了竞赛状态焦虑量表-2和情绪状态剖面图测试。对赛前情绪和焦虑得分进行单因素多变量方差分析，结果显示胜负选手之间存在显著差异。获胜者在活力、愤怒和自信方面得分较高，而在紧张、抑郁、疲劳、困惑、认知焦虑和躯体焦虑方面得分较低。判别函数分析表明，根据赛前情绪得分，91.96%的参与者能够被正确分类为胜者或败者。当焦虑分量表得分也纳入判别函数分析时，这一比例升至93.47%。仅焦虑得分的判别准确率为78.89%。除了愤怒得分高于平均水平外，获胜空手道选手的情绪剖面图与摩根的“心理健康”剖面图一致。这一结果支持了麦高恩和米勒的观点，即愤怒可能有助于空手道比赛中的表现。心理状态测量对表现的判别能力超过了以往的报告，表明空手道表现可能特别依赖情绪。这些结果表明，提高活力和愤怒得分、降低紧张、抑郁、疲劳和困惑得分的干预措施可能对空手道表现特别有效。
