Scullin Michael K, Einstein Gilles O, McDaniel Mark A
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2009 Jun;37(4):425-33. doi: 10.3758/MC.37.4.425.
McDaniel and Einstein (2007) argued that prospective memories can be retrieved through spontaneous retrieval processes stimulated by the presence of a target cue. To test this claim, we investigated whether presenting a prospective memory cue during a task that did not require an intention to be performed spontaneously triggered remembering of that intention. In two experiments, participants performed an image-rating task in which a prospective memory task (to press the "Q" key when a target word appeared) was embedded. Then, participants were told that their intention was finished or suspended. Finally, participants performed a lexical decision task in which each target (and a matched control) word appeared. RTs were slower to target words than to control words when the intention was suspended but not when it was finished. These results suggest that target cues associated with suspended intentions can spontaneously trigger remembering but that finished intentions are quickly deactivated.
麦克丹尼尔和爱因斯坦（2007年）认为，前瞻性记忆可以通过目标线索的出现所激发的自发检索过程来提取。为了验证这一说法，我们研究了在一项不需要自发执行意图的任务中呈现前瞻性记忆线索是否会自发触发对该意图的记忆。在两项实验中，参与者执行了一项图像评级任务，其中嵌入了一项前瞻性记忆任务（当目标词出现时按下“Q”键）。然后，参与者被告知他们的意图已完成或已暂停。最后，参与者执行了一项词汇判断任务，每个目标（和一个匹配的对照）词都会出现。当意图被暂停时，对目标词的反应时比对对照词的反应时要慢，但当意图完成时则不然。这些结果表明，与暂停意图相关的目标线索可以自发触发记忆，但完成的意图会迅速失活。
