Ukkola Liisa T, Onkamo Päivi, Raijas Pirre, Karma Kai, Järvelä Irma
Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2009 May 20;4(5):e5534. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005534.
Artistic creativity forms the basis of music culture and music industry. Composing, improvising and arranging music are complex creative functions of the human brain, which biological value remains unknown. We hypothesized that practicing music is social communication that needs musical aptitude and even creativity in music. In order to understand the neurobiological basis of music in human evolution and communication we analyzed polymorphisms of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A), serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), catecol-O-methyltranferase (COMT), dopamin receptor D2 (DRD2) and tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), genes associated with social bonding and cognitive functions in 19 Finnish families (n = 343 members) with professional musicians and/or active amateurs. All family members were tested for musical aptitude using the auditory structuring ability test (Karma Music test; KMT) and Carl Seashores tests for pitch (SP) and for time (ST). Data on creativity in music (composing, improvising and/or arranging music) was surveyed using a web-based questionnaire. Here we show for the first time that creative functions in music have a strong genetic component (h(2) = .84; composing h(2) = .40; arranging h(2) = .46; improvising h(2) = .62) in Finnish multigenerational families. We also show that high music test scores are significantly associated with creative functions in music (p<.0001). We discovered an overall haplotype association with AVPR1A gene (markers RS1 and RS3) and KMT (p = 0.0008; corrected p = 0.00002), SP (p = 0.0261; corrected p = 0.0072) and combined music test scores (COMB) (p = 0.0056; corrected p = 0.0006). AVPR1A haplotype AVR+RS1 further suggested a positive association with ST (p = 0.0038; corrected p = 0.00184) and COMB (p = 0.0083; corrected p = 0.0040) using haplotype-based association test HBAT. The results suggest that the neurobiology of music perception and production is likely to be related to the pathways affecting intrinsic attachment behavior.
艺术创造力构成了音乐文化和音乐产业的基础。作曲、即兴创作和编曲是人类大脑复杂的创造性功能，其生物学价值尚不清楚。我们假设，音乐实践是一种社会交流，需要音乐才能，甚至是音乐创造力。为了理解音乐在人类进化和交流中的神经生物学基础，我们分析了19个芬兰家庭（n = 343名成员）中与社会联系和认知功能相关的精氨酸加压素受体1A（AVPR1A）、血清素转运体（SLC6A4）、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）、多巴胺受体D2（DRD2）和酪氨酸羟化酶1（TPH1）基因的多态性，这些家庭中有职业音乐家和/或活跃的业余爱好者。所有家庭成员都使用听觉结构能力测试（卡尔玛音乐测试；KMT）以及卡尔·西肖尔斯音高测试（SP）和节奏测试（ST）来测试音乐才能。关于音乐创造力（作曲、即兴创作和/或编曲）的数据通过基于网络的问卷进行收集。在这里，我们首次表明，在芬兰的多代家庭中，音乐中的创造性功能具有很强的遗传成分（h(2) = 0.84；作曲h(2) = 0.40；编曲h(2) = 0.46；即兴创作h(2) = 0.62）。我们还表明，高音乐测试分数与音乐中的创造性功能显著相关（p<0.0001）。我们发现与AVPR1A基因（标记RS1和RS3）以及KMT（p = 0.0008；校正p = 0.00002）、SP（p = 0.0261；校正p = 0.0072）和综合音乐测试分数（COMB）（p = 0.0056；校正p = 0.0006）存在总体单倍型关联。使用基于单倍型的关联测试HBAT，AVPR1A单倍型AVR+RS1进一步表明与ST（p = 0.0038；校正p = 0.00184）和COMB（p = 0.0083；校正p = 0.0040）呈正相关。结果表明，音乐感知和创作的神经生物学可能与影响内在依恋行为的途径有关。
