Jordan D, Chin J J-C, Fahy V A, Barton M D, Smith M G, Trott D J
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2009 Jun;87(6):222-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00430.x.
To describe how various antimicrobials are used in commercial pig herds in Australia and for what disease conditions.
Managers of large pig herds (> 200 sows) across Australia and their veterinarians participated in an internet-based survey in 2006. Questions were asked about herd management, the occurrence of bacterial diseases and the type and frequency of antimicrobial use. An antimicrobial usage index for each herd was derived as a summary of the risk of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Relationships between responses were explored with univariate and multivariate analysis.
Responses were received for 197 herds estimated to represent at least 51% of all large pig herds in Australia. Most piggeries relied on drugs of low importance in human medicine (e.g. tetracyclines, penicillins and sulfonamides). For the two drugs of high importance in human medicine that can be legally prescribed to pigs in Australia, ceftiofur use was reported in 25% of herds and virginiamycin in none. Infections attributed to Lawsonia, Mycoplasma and Escherichia coli motivated the most use of antimicrobials. No useful association was found between management factors and the antimicrobial use index.
Most antimicrobial use in the Australian pig industry is based on drugs of low importance to public health. Enhanced control of E. coli infections without reliance on antimicrobials would further reduce the risk of selecting for antimicrobial resistance relevant to public health. The amount of variation in the usage index between herds suggests that antimicrobial use should be constantly reviewed on a herd by herd basis.
描述澳大利亚商业养猪场中各类抗菌药物的使用情况以及用于治疗何种疾病。
2006年，澳大利亚大型养猪场（母猪存栏量>200头）的管理人员及其兽医参与了一项基于网络的调查。调查询问了猪群管理、细菌性疾病的发生情况以及抗菌药物的使用类型和频率。计算每个猪群的抗菌药物使用指数，作为抗菌药物耐药性选择风险的汇总指标。通过单变量和多变量分析探讨各回答之间的关系。
共收到197个猪群的回复，据估计这些猪群至少占澳大利亚所有大型养猪场的51%。大多数养猪场依赖于对人类医学重要性较低的药物（如四环素类、青霉素类和磺胺类）。在澳大利亚可合法用于猪的两种对人类医学重要性较高的药物中，25%的猪群报告使用了头孢噻呋，而未报告使用维吉尼亚霉素。由劳森菌、支原体和大肠杆菌引起的感染促使抗菌药物的使用最为频繁。未发现管理因素与抗菌药物使用指数之间存在有效关联。
澳大利亚养猪业中大多数抗菌药物的使用基于对公共卫生重要性较低的药物。在不依赖抗菌药物的情况下加强对大肠杆菌感染的控制，将进一步降低选择与公共卫生相关的抗菌药物耐药性的风险。各猪群使用指数的差异表明，应逐群持续审查抗菌药物的使用情况。
