Menesini Ersilia, Modena Marco, Tani Franca
University of Florence, Department of Psychology, Firenze, Italy.
J Genet Psychol. 2009 Jun;170(2):115-33. doi: 10.3200/GNTP.170.2.115-134.
From an initial sample of 1278 Italian students, the authors selected 537 on the basis of their responses to a self-report bully and victim questionnaire. Participants' ages ranged from 13 to 20 years (M = 15.12 years, SD = 1.08 years). The authors compared the concurrent psychological symptoms of 4 participant groups (bullies, victims, bully/victims [i.e., bullies who were also victims of bullying], and uninvolved students). Of participants, 157 were in the bullies group, 140 were in the victims group, 81 were in the bully/victims group, and 159 were in the uninvolved students group. The results show that bullies reported a higher level of externalizing problems, victims reported more internalizing symptoms, and bully/victims reported both a higher level of externalizing problems and more internalizing symptoms. The authors divided the sample into 8 groups on the basis of the students' recollection of their earlier school experiences and of their present role. The authors classified the participants as stable versus late bullies, victims, bully/victims, or uninvolved students. The authors compared each stable group with its corresponding late group and found that stable victims and stable bully/victims reported higher degrees of anxiety, depression, and withdrawal than did the other groups. The authors focus their discussion on the role of chronic peer difficulties in relation to adolescents' symptoms and well-being.
在最初的1278名意大利学生样本中,作者根据他们对一份自我报告的欺凌和受欺凌问卷的回答,挑选出了537名学生。参与者的年龄在13至20岁之间(均值 = 15.12岁,标准差 = 1.08岁)。作者比较了4个参与者组(欺凌者、受欺凌者、欺凌/受欺凌者[即既是欺凌者又是受欺凌者的人]和未卷入者)的并发心理症状。参与者中,157人在欺凌者组,140人在受欺凌者组,81人在欺凌/受欺凌者组,159人在未卷入者组。结果显示,欺凌者报告的外化问题水平更高,受欺凌者报告的内化症状更多,而欺凌/受欺凌者既报告了更高水平的外化问题,也报告了更多的内化症状。作者根据学生对其早期学校经历和当前角色的回忆,将样本分为8组。作者将参与者分类为稳定型与后期型的欺凌者、受欺凌者、欺凌/受欺凌者或未卷入者。作者将每个稳定组与其相应的后期组进行比较,发现稳定型受欺凌者和稳定型欺凌/受欺凌者比其他组报告了更高程度的焦虑、抑郁和退缩。作者将讨论重点放在长期同伴困难与青少年症状及幸福感的关系上。