McCabe Kathryn L, Bronner-Fraser Marianne
Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Dev Biol. 2009 Aug 15;332(2):189-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.572. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
Whereas neural crest cells are the source of the peripheral nervous system in the trunk of vertebrates, the "ectodermal placodes," together with neural crest, form the peripheral nervous system of the head. Cranial ectodermal placodes are thickenings in the ectoderm that subsequently ingress or invaginate to make important contributions to cranial ganglia, including epibranchial and trigeminal ganglia, and sensory structures, the ear, nose, lens, and adenohypophysis. Recent studies have uncovered a number of molecular signals mediating induction and differentiation of placodal cells. Here, we described recent advances in understanding the tissue interactions and signals underlying induction and neurogenesis of placodes, with emphasis on the trigeminal and epibranchial. Important roles of Fibroblast Growth Factors, Platelet Derived Growth Factors, Sonic Hedgehog, TGFbeta superfamily members, and Wnts are discussed.
虽然神经嵴细胞是脊椎动物躯干中周围神经系统的来源，但“外胚层基板”与神经嵴一起形成了头部的周围神经系统。颅外胚层基板是外胚层中的增厚部分，随后会内陷或内折，对颅神经节（包括鳃上神经节和三叉神经节）以及感觉结构（耳、鼻、晶状体和腺垂体）做出重要贡献。最近的研究发现了许多介导基板细胞诱导和分化的分子信号。在这里，我们描述了在理解基板诱导和神经发生背后的组织相互作用和信号方面的最新进展，重点是三叉神经节和鳃上神经节。讨论了成纤维细胞生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子、音猬因子、转化生长因子β超家族成员和Wnt的重要作用。
