Read Danielle E, Gorman Adrienne M
Cell Death and Survival Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Sep;66(18):2975-84. doi: 10.1007/s00018-009-0057-8. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
The regulation of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth is essential during development of the nervous system and is crucial in developing therapies to promote axon regeneration after nerve injury or in neurodegenerative diseases. The serine/threonine kinase Akt has been well documented to promote neuronal survival. More recently Akt has also been revealed as key mediator of several aspects of neurite outgrowth, including elongation, branching and calibre. Downstream of Akt, several substrates have been identified that are likely to play key roles in Akt-mediated neurite outgrowth, such as glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, peripherin, mammalian target of rapamycin and delta-catenin. The physical interaction between Akt and Hsp27, another protein that has been linked with neurite outgrowth, may also be significant in the process of neurite outgrowth. This review will unite and discuss the research to date that has examined the functionality of Akt in neuronal differentiation during development and neurite outgrowth.
神经元分化和神经突生长的调控在神经系统发育过程中至关重要，并且对于开发促进神经损伤后轴突再生或神经退行性疾病治疗方法而言也至关重要。丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶Akt已被充分证明可促进神经元存活。最近，Akt还被揭示为神经突生长多个方面的关键介质，包括伸长、分支和管径。在Akt的下游，已鉴定出几种可能在Akt介导的神经突生长中起关键作用的底物，如糖原合酶激酶3β、外周蛋白、雷帕霉素哺乳动物靶点和δ-连环蛋白。Akt与Hsp27（另一种与神经突生长相关的蛋白质）之间的物理相互作用在神经突生长过程中可能也很重要。本综述将汇总并讨论迄今为止研究Akt在发育过程中神经元分化和神经突生长功能的研究。
