Santtila Matti, Kyröläinen Heikki, Häkkinen Keijo
Personnel Division of Defence Command, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland.
J Strength Cond Res. 2009 Jul;23(4):1300-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a884bc.
The purpose of present study was to examine to what extent an 8-week endurance-based military training period interferes with muscle strength development in the conscripts (n = 72) compared with that caused by sport-related military training with added strength training (ST) or endurance training (ET). More specifically, we examined the effects of these 3 training modes on maximal isometric force, maximal rate of force development (RFD), electromyography (EMG), and muscle thickness of the lower and upper extremities. The measurements included isometric force-time parameters of leg and arm extensors and EMG activity from the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and triceps brachii muscles. The 8-week basic training period combined with added ST and ET significantly improved maximal bilateral isometric force of the arm extensors in ST by 11.8% (p < 0.001), ET by 13.9% (p < 0.001), and normal training (NT) by 7.8% (p < 0.05). Strength training and ET showed significant increases in maximal EMG activity of the trained arm muscles. A significant increase was observed in maximal RFD of the upper extremities only in ST by 28.1% (p < 0.05). Both ST and ET increased their maximal leg extension strength by 12.9% (p < 0.01) and 9.1% (p < 0.05), respectively, whereas no significant change occurred in NT (5.2%, p = 0.45). No significant changes were observed in the shape of the force-time curves of leg extensors. No increases occurred in muscle thickness either in the lower or upper extremities. The present BT training with a large amount of endurance-based military training interfered with strength development, and especially, explosive power development of the lower extremities in the ST group. The optimal improvements in neuromuscular characteristics may not be possible without some decreases in the amount of the endurance-based military training and/or some increases in the amount of the maximal/explosive strength training during the BT.
本研究的目的是检验与添加了力量训练（ST）或耐力训练（ET）的与运动相关的军事训练相比，为期8周的基于耐力的军事训练期在多大程度上干扰新兵（n = 72）的肌肉力量发展。更具体地说，我们研究了这三种训练模式对最大等长力量、最大力量发展速率（RFD）、肌电图（EMG）以及上下肢肌肉厚度的影响。测量包括腿部和手臂伸肌的等长力量-时间参数以及股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股直肌和肱三头肌的EMG活动。为期8周的基础训练期加上额外的ST和ET显著提高了ST组中手臂伸肌的最大双侧等长力量，提高了11.8%（p < 0.001），ET组提高了13.9%（p < 0.001），正常训练（NT）组提高了7.8%（p < 0.05）。力量训练和ET显示训练的手臂肌肉的最大EMG活动显著增加。仅在ST组中，上肢的最大RFD显著增加了28.1%（p < 0.05）。ST和ET分别使最大腿部伸展力量增加了12.9%（p < 0.01）和9.1%（p < 0.05），而NT组没有显著变化（5.2%，p = 0.45）。腿部伸肌的力量-时间曲线形状没有显著变化。下肢和上肢的肌肉厚度均未增加。当前大量基于耐力的军事训练的基础训练干扰了力量发展，尤其是ST组中下肢的爆发力发展。如果在基础训练期间不减少一些基于耐力的军事训练量和/或不增加一些最大/爆发力训练量，可能无法实现神经肌肉特征的最佳改善。
