Eklund D, Pulverenti T, Bankers S, Avela J, Newton R, Schumann M, Häkkinen K
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
Int J Sports Med. 2015 Feb;36(2):120-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1385883. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
The present study investigated neuromuscular adaptations between same-session combined strength and endurance training with 2 loading orders and different day combined training over 24 weeks. 56 subjects were divided into different day (DD) combined strength and endurance training (4-6 d·wk(-1)) and same-session combined training: endurance preceding strength (E+S) or vice versa (S+E) (2-3 d·wk(-1)). Dynamic and isometric strength, EMG, voluntary activation, muscle cross-sectional area and endurance performance were measured. All groups increased dynamic one-repetition maximum (p<0.001; DD 13±7%, E+S 12±9% and S+E 17±12%) and isometric force (p<0.05-0.01), muscle cross-sectional area (p<0.001) and maximal power output during cycling (p<0.001). DD and S+E increased voluntary activation during training (p<0.05-0.01). In E+S no increase in voluntary activation was detected after 12 or 24 weeks. E+S also showed unchanged and S+E increased maximum EMG after 24 weeks during maximal isometric muscle actions. A high correlation (p<0.001, r=0.83) between the individual changes in voluntary activation and maximal knee extension force was found for E+S during weeks 13-24. Neural adaptations showed indications of being compromised and highly individual relating to changes in isometric strength when E+S-training was performed, while gains in one-repetition maximum, endurance performance and hypertrophy did not differ between the training modes.
本研究调查了在24周内，两种负荷顺序的同阶段力量与耐力联合训练以及不同日联合训练之间的神经肌肉适应性。56名受试者被分为不同日（DD）力量与耐力联合训练组（4 - 6天·周⁻¹）以及同阶段联合训练组：耐力先于力量训练（E + S）或反之（S + E）（2 - 3天·周⁻¹）。测量了动态和等长力量、肌电图（EMG）、自主激活、肌肉横截面积和耐力表现。所有组的动态一次重复最大值（p < 0.001；DD组增加13±7%，E + S组增加12±9%，S + E组增加17±12%）、等长力量（p < 0.05 - 0.01）、肌肉横截面积（p < 0.001）以及骑行时的最大功率输出（p < 0.001）均有所增加。DD组和S + E组在训练期间自主激活增加（p < 0.05 - 0.01）。在E + S组中，12周或24周后未检测到自主激活增加。E + S组在24周最大等长肌肉动作期间最大EMG无变化，而S + E组增加。在第13 - 24周期间，E + S组自主激活的个体变化与最大伸膝力量之间存在高度相关性（p < 0.001，r = 0.83）。当进行E + S训练时，神经适应性显示出受损迹象，且与等长力量变化高度个体化相关，而一次重复最大值、耐力表现和肥大的增加在训练模式之间无差异。
