Brooks Christopher P, Holmes Christopher, Kramer Karen, Barnett Barry, Keitt Timothy H
Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2009 Jun 17;4(6):e5783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005783.
The highland forests of Madagascar are home to some of the world's most unique and diverse flora and fauna and to some of its poorest people. This juxtaposition of poverty and biodiversity is continually reinforced by rapid population growth, which results in increasing pressure on the remaining forest habitat in the highland region, and the biodiversity therein. Here we derive a mathematical expression for the subsistence of households to assess the role of markets and household demography on deforestation near Ranomafana National Park. In villages closest to urban rice markets, households were likely to clear less land than our model predicted, presumably because they were purchasing food at market. This effect was offset by the large number of migrant households who cleared significantly more land between 1989-2003 than did residents throughout the region. Deforestation by migrant households typically occurred after a mean time lag of 9 years. Analyses suggest that while local conservation efforts in Madagascar have been successful at reducing the footprint of individual households, large-scale conservation must rely on policies that can reduce the establishment of new households in remaining forested areas.
马达加斯加的高地森林是世界上一些最独特、最多样化的动植物的家园，也是一些最贫困人口的聚居地。贫困与生物多样性的这种并存状况，因人口的快速增长而不断加剧，这导致高地地区剩余森林栖息地及其生物多样性面临的压力越来越大。在此，我们推导了一个家庭生计的数学表达式，以评估市场和家庭人口结构对拉努马法纳国家公园附近森林砍伐的作用。在距离城市大米市场最近的村庄，家庭砍伐的土地可能比我们的模型预测的要少，大概是因为他们在市场上购买食物。这一效应被大量移民家庭抵消，这些移民家庭在1989年至2003年间砍伐的土地比该地区的居民多得多。移民家庭的森林砍伐通常平均滞后9年发生。分析表明，虽然马达加斯加当地的保护工作成功减少了单个家庭的足迹，但大规模保护必须依靠能够减少在剩余林区建立新家庭的政策。
