Wertz P W, Squier C A
Dow Institute of Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1991;8(3):237-69.
The use of the oral mucosa for drug delivery and the erroneous belief that it is a nonkeratinized tissue have given rise to the suggestion that the oral mucosa is a permeable tissue. Such an assumption is not supported by studies which indicate that permeability differs significantly in different oral regions, depending on the pattern of epithelial differentiation. Keratinized regions such as hard palate and gingiva have a permeability which is significantly less than nonkeratinized regions like buccal mucosa and floor of mouth. Nevertheless, all oral regions are more permeable than skin. Associated with these differences in permeability are differences in the type and amount of intercellular lipid; areas of keratinized tissue contain predominantly neutral lipids (ceramides) apparently derived from lamellate membrane-coating granules. In nonkeratinized areas, the lipids consist of as yet uncharacterized glycosyl ceramides that appear to be derived from membrane-coating granules that differ morphologically from those present in nonkeratinized tissue.
将口腔黏膜用于药物递送以及认为其为非角化组织的错误观念，引发了口腔黏膜是一种可渗透组织的观点。然而，研究并不支持这一假设，这些研究表明，根据上皮分化模式，不同口腔区域的渗透性存在显著差异。硬腭和牙龈等角化区域的渗透性明显低于颊黏膜和口底等非角化区域。尽管如此，所有口腔区域的渗透性都比皮肤高。与这些渗透性差异相关的是细胞间脂质的类型和数量差异；角化组织区域主要含有显然源自板层膜包被颗粒的中性脂质（神经酰胺）。在非角化区域，脂质由尚未明确特征的糖基神经酰胺组成，这些糖基神经酰胺似乎源自形态上与角化组织中存在的那些不同的膜包被颗粒。
