Pot Gerda K, Majsak-Newman Gosia, Geelen Anouk, Harvey Linda J, Nagengast Fokko M, Witteman Ben J M, van de Meeberg Paul C, Timmer Robin, Tan Adriaan, Wahab Peter J, Hart Andrew R, Williams Matthew P, Przybylska-Phillips Kasia, Dainty Jack R, Schaafsma Gertjan, Kampman Ellen, Lund Elizabeth K
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;90(2):354-61. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27630. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
Diet is a major factor in the etiology of colorectal cancer, with high fish consumption possibly decreasing colorectal cancer risk, as was shown in several observational studies. To date, no intervention trials have examined the possible beneficial effects of fish intake on colorectal cancer risk.
The objective was to investigate the effects of a 6-mo intervention with oil-rich or lean fish on apoptosis and mitosis within the colonic crypt.
In a multicenter, randomized, controlled intervention trial, patients with colorectal polyps, inactive ulcerative colitis, or no macroscopic signs of disease were recruited (n = 242) and randomly allocated to receive dietary advice plus either 300 g oil-rich fish (salmon) per week (n = 82), 300 g lean fish (cod) per week (n = 78), or only dietary advice (DA) (n = 82). Apoptosis and mitosis were measured in colonic biopsy samples collected before and after intervention (n = 213).
The total number of apoptotic cells per crypt did not increase in the salmon or cod group: -0.10 (95% CI: -0.36, 0.16) and -0.06 (95% CI: -0.32, 0.20), respectively, compared with the DA group. The total number of mitotic cells per crypt decreased nonsignificantly in the salmon group (-0.87; 95% CI: -2.41, 0.68) and in the cod group (-1.04; 95% CI: -2.62, 0.53) compared with the DA group. Furthermore, the distribution of mitosis within the crypt did not significantly change in either group.
An increase in the consumption of either oil-rich or lean fish to 2 portions weekly over 6 mo does not markedly change apoptotic and mitotic rates in the colonic mucosa. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00145015.
饮食是结直肠癌病因中的一个主要因素，多项观察性研究表明，大量食用鱼类可能会降低患结直肠癌的风险。迄今为止，尚无干预试验研究鱼类摄入对结直肠癌风险可能产生的有益影响。
研究富含油脂的鱼类或瘦鱼类进行6个月干预对结肠隐窝内细胞凋亡和有丝分裂的影响。
在一项多中心、随机、对照干预试验中，招募了结直肠息肉患者、非活动性溃疡性结肠炎患者或无疾病宏观体征的患者（n = 242），并将他们随机分配接受饮食建议，同时每周食用300克富含油脂的鱼类（三文鱼）（n = 82）、每周食用300克瘦鱼类（鳕鱼）（n = 78）或仅接受饮食建议（DA）（n = 82）。在干预前后采集的结肠活检样本中测量细胞凋亡和有丝分裂情况（n = 213）。
与DA组相比，三文鱼组或鳕鱼组每个隐窝的凋亡细胞总数均未增加，分别为-0.10（95% CI：-0.36，0.16）和-0.06（95% CI：-0.32，0.20）。与DA组相比，三文鱼组（-0.87；95% CI：-2.41，0.68）和鳕鱼组（-1.04；95% CI：-2.62，0.53）每个隐窝的有丝分裂细胞总数虽有下降但无统计学意义。此外，两组隐窝内有丝分裂的分布均未发生显著变化。
在6个月内将富含油脂的鱼类或瘦鱼类的摄入量增加至每周2份，不会显著改变结肠黏膜中的细胞凋亡和有丝分裂率。该试验已在www.clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT00145015。
