Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh 508254, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2009 Aug;76(8):813-6. doi: 10.1007/s12098-009-0159-1. Epub 2009 Jun 26.
To determine the colonization rates of S. aureus in anterior nares of school going children, evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of such isolates against various antibiotics.
Nasal swabs taken for S. aureus in 392 healthy school going children aged between 5 and 15 yr belonging to three schools surrounding Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Andhra Pradesh, India. Swabs were inoculated in to Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and incubation at 37 degrees C for 24hr, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods such as Gram's stain, catalase and coagulase. MICs were determined by Agar dilution technique against Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Sparfloxacin beta Cyclodextrin. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of all the isolates against Oxacillin (1 microg) Penicillin (10 units), Ampicillin (10 microg), Co-trimoxazole (23.75 microg), Erythromycin (15 microg), Tetracycline (30 microg) and Gentamicin (10 microg) were tested using Kirby-Baeur disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI standards.
Of the 392 samples screened 63(16%) showed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. 12(19%) isolates were found to be MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using Agar dilution method against Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Sparfloxacin beta Cyclodextrin revealed MICs in the range of 0.52 microg/ml, 0.51 microg/ml, 0.5 microg/ml and <0.0312-0.250 microg/ml respectively. Disk diffusion method showed that all the isolates were resistant to Penicillin and Ampicillin. A resistance of 14.3%, 25% and 22.2% was observed against Co-trimoxazole, Erythromycin and Tetracycline respectively. Gentamiicin was the only antibiotic against which most of the isolates were sensitive.
Our results suggests that healthy school going children under 16 yr of age are potential carriers of S. aureus and in particular MRSA and multi-drug resistant strains.
确定金黄色葡萄球菌在上学儿童前鼻腔中的定植率，评估此类分离株对各种抗生素的抗菌耐药性。
在印度安得拉邦那加蒂普尔的卡米内尼医学科学研究所周围的三所学校中，采集了 392 名 5 至 15 岁健康上学儿童的鼻拭子，以检测金黄色葡萄球菌。将拭子接种于甘露醇盐琼脂（MSA）中，并在 37°C 孵育 24 小时。使用标准微生物学方法（如革兰氏染色、触酶和凝固酶）鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌分离株。通过琼脂稀释技术测定万古霉素、环丙沙星、司帕沙星、司帕沙星β环糊精对金黄色葡萄球菌的 MICs。采用 Kirby-Baeur 纸片扩散法，根据 CLSI 标准，检测所有分离株对苯唑西林（1μg）、青霉素（10 单位）、氨苄西林（10μg）、复方磺胺甲噁唑（23.75μg）、红霉素（15μg）、四环素（30μg）和庆大霉素（10μg）的抗菌耐药模式。
在筛选的 392 个样本中，有 63 个（16%）显示出金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。发现 12 个（19%）分离株为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。使用琼脂稀释法对抗万古霉素、环丙沙星、司帕沙星和司帕沙星β环糊精的药敏试验显示 MIC 范围分别为 0.52μg/ml、0.51μg/ml、0.5μg/ml 和 <0.0312-0.250μg/ml。纸片扩散法显示所有分离株均对青霉素和氨苄西林耐药。对复方磺胺甲噁唑、红霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为 14.3%、25%和 22.2%。庆大霉素是大多数分离株敏感的唯一抗生素。
我们的结果表明，16 岁以下的健康上学儿童是金黄色葡萄球菌的潜在携带者，特别是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多药耐药菌株。
