Reta Alemayehu, Wubie Moges, Mekuria Getnet
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Pobox-269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
BMC Res Notes. 2017 Dec 19;10(1):746. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-3079-6.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterium that can asymptomatically colonize the human upper respiratory tract (i.e. nose and throat). Carriage of S. aureus, including methicillin resistant S. aureus, is common to children. The aim at this study was to determine the nasal colonization, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus isolates among pre-school children in Debre Markos town.
Institutional-based cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 400 nasal swabs were collected from pre-school children from April to June, 2015 following standard microbiological methods. MRSA was detected using both Cefoxitin (30 μg) and Oxacillin (6 μg) (Oxoid Ltd. England) discs in combination and associated factors were assessed using self-administered pretested questionnaires, which were delivered to the children's parents/guardians. Statistical analysis of the data (logistic regression) was done using SPSS V-22.
A total of 52 S. aureus isolate was recovered from 400 nasal swap samples. The prevalence of S. aureus among pre-School children was 13% (52/400). The susceptibility patterns of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics were: 84.62% to Chloramphenicol, 69.2% to Doxycycline and Tetracycline, 92.3% to Kanamycin, 7.7% to Ampicillin and Penicillin, 86.6% to Ceftriaxone, and 76.9% to Augmentin. All the isolates were sensitive to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin, mean there was no methicillin resistant S. aureus isolate, and also sensitive to Gentamycin, Erythromycin and Clindamycin. The main associated factors of nasal colonization of S. aureus in the study area was, having recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) [AOR = 2.37 (1.11, 5.06)], Children admission in hospital [AOR = 1.96 (1.03, 3.73)] and cough [AOR = 2.09 (1.08, 4.09)].
The prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization among pre-school children was relatively low in absence of MRSA. Factors like; recurrent AOM, hospital admission and cough were significantly associated with S. aureus nasal colonization. Most of the isolates were resistant to β-lactam drugs and sensitive to drugs like Gentamycin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Kanamycin and Augmentin.
金黄色葡萄球菌是一种可无症状定植于人类上呼吸道（即鼻子和喉咙）的细菌。包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在内，金黄色葡萄球菌在儿童中定植很常见。本研究的目的是确定德布雷马科斯镇学龄前儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的鼻腔定植情况、相关因素及抗菌药物敏感性模式。
开展基于机构的横断面研究。2015年4月至6月，按照标准微生物学方法，从学龄前儿童中总共采集了400份鼻拭子。联合使用头孢西丁（30μg）和苯唑西林（6μg）（英国奥克托克斯有限公司）纸片检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，并使用预先测试过的自填问卷对相关因素进行评估，问卷发放给儿童的父母/监护人。使用SPSS V-22软件对数据进行统计分析（逻辑回归）。
从400份鼻拭子样本中共分离出52株金黄色葡萄球菌。学龄前儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌的患病率为13%（52/400）。分离株对常用抗生素的敏感性模式为：对氯霉素的敏感性为84.62%，对多西环素和四环素的敏感性为69.2%，对卡那霉素的敏感性为92.3%，对氨苄西林和青霉素的敏感性为7.7%，对头孢曲松的敏感性为86.6%，对阿莫西林克拉维酸的敏感性为76.9%。所有分离株对苯唑西林和头孢西丁均敏感，这意味着没有耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，并且对庆大霉素、红霉素和克林霉素也敏感。研究区域内金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植的主要相关因素为患有复发性急性中耳炎（AOM）[比值比（AOR）=2.37（1.11，5.06）]、儿童住院[AOR=1.96（1.03，3.73）]和咳嗽[AOR=2.09（1.08，4.09）]。
在没有耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的情况下，学龄前儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植的患病率相对较低。复发性急性中耳炎、住院和咳嗽等因素与金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植显著相关。大多数分离株对β-内酰胺类药物耐药，而对庆大霉素、红霉素、克林霉素、氯霉素、多西环素、四环素、卡那霉素和阿莫西林克拉维酸等药物敏感。
