Scherbaum N, Gastpar M
Klinik für allgemeine Psychiatrie, Rheinische Landes- und Hochschulklinik Essen.
Nervenarzt. 1991 Sep;62(9):529-35.
Treatment of opiate addicts is still difficult, and often has only limited success. Methadone therapy offers an alternative, in particular for patients who have repeatedly attempted conventional treatment without success. According to experience in Switzerland, about two-thirds of these patients become medically stable and socially rehabilitated during methadone therapy, or even drug-free in the long term following therapy. The therapy does not consist solely in a daily dose of methadone, but also involves intensive psychosocial care. In Germany, methadone therapy has been under discussion for more than 20 years. In this discussion doubts have been expressed about the criteria used to assess the indications for and the degree of success attained with methadone therapy. In addition, ethical arguments question whether social rehabilitation should be a primary goal of therapy. In order to objectify the discussion, methadone therapy is now being tested in Germany. A social consensus must be sought on goals and strategies in the treatment of opiate addicts.
阿片类成瘾者的治疗仍然困难，且成功率往往有限。美沙酮疗法提供了一种替代方案，特别是对于那些多次尝试传统治疗但未成功的患者。根据瑞士的经验，这些患者中约三分之二在美沙酮治疗期间病情稳定并实现社会康复，甚至在治疗后的长期内不再吸毒。该疗法不仅包括每日服用美沙酮，还涉及强化的心理社会护理。在德国，美沙酮疗法已讨论了20多年。在这场讨论中，人们对用于评估美沙酮治疗适应症和所取得成功程度的标准表示怀疑。此外，伦理方面的争论质疑社会康复是否应成为治疗的主要目标。为了使讨论客观化，德国正在对美沙酮疗法进行测试。必须就阿片类成瘾者治疗的目标和策略达成社会共识。
