Haynes L, Arzey E, Bell C, Buchanan N, Burgess G, Cronan V, Dickason C, Field H, Gibbs S, Hansbro Pm, Hollingsworth T, Hurt Ac, Kirkland P, McCracken H, O'Connor J, Tracey J, Wallner J, Warner S, Woods R, Bunn C
Australian Wildlife Health Network, PO Box 20, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2009 Jul;87(7):266-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00446.x.
To identify and gain an understanding of the influenza viruses circulating in wild birds in Australia.
A total of 16,303 swabs and 3782 blood samples were collected and analysed for avian influenza (AI) viruses from 16,420 wild birds in Australia between July 2005 and June 2007. Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were primarily targeted.
Cloacal, oropharyngeal and faecal (environmental) swabs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the AI type A matrix gene. Positive samples underwent virus culture and subtyping. Serum samples were analysed using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for influenza A virus nucleoprotein.
No highly pathogenic AI viruses were identified. However, 164 PCR tests were positive for the AI type A matrix gene, 46 of which were identified to subtype. A total of five viruses were isolated, three of which had a corresponding positive PCR and subtype identification (H3N8, H4N6, H7N6). Low pathogenic AI H5 and/or H7 was present in wild birds in New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Antibodies to influenza A were also detected in 15.0% of the birds sampled.
Although low pathogenic AI virus subtypes are currently circulating in Australia, their prevalence is low (1.0% positive PCR). Surveillance activities for AI in wild birds should be continued to provide further epidemiological information about circulating viruses and to identify any changes in subtype prevalence.
识别并了解在澳大利亚野生鸟类中传播的流感病毒。
在2005年7月至2007年6月期间，从澳大利亚16420只野生鸟类中收集了总共16303份拭子和3782份血液样本，并对其进行禽流感（AI）病毒分析。主要针对雁形目和鸻形目鸟类。
使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）对泄殖腔、口咽和粪便（环境）拭子进行甲型流感病毒基质基因检测。阳性样本进行病毒培养和亚型鉴定。血清样本使用甲型流感病毒核蛋白阻断酶联免疫吸附试验进行分析。
未鉴定出高致病性禽流感病毒。然而，164次PCR检测对甲型流感病毒基质基因呈阳性，其中46次被鉴定出亚型。总共分离出5种病毒，其中3种病毒有相应的PCR阳性结果和亚型鉴定（H3N8、H4N6、H7N6）。新南威尔士州、塔斯马尼亚州、维多利亚州和西澳大利亚州的野生鸟类中存在低致病性H5和/或H7禽流感病毒。在15.0%的采样鸟类中也检测到了甲型流感抗体。
尽管目前澳大利亚存在低致病性禽流感病毒亚型，但它们的流行率较低（PCR阳性率为1.0%）。应继续开展野生鸟类禽流感监测活动，以提供有关传播病毒的进一步流行病学信息，并确定亚型流行率的任何变化。
