Tybur Joshua M, Lieberman Debra, Griskevicius Vladas
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Jul;97(1):103-22. doi: 10.1037/a0015474.
What is the function of disgust? Whereas traditional models have suggested that disgust serves to protect the self or neutralize reminders of our animal nature, an evolutionary perspective suggests that disgust functions to solve 3 qualitatively different adaptive problems related to pathogen avoidance, mate choice, and social interaction. The authors investigated this 3-domain model of disgust across 4 studies and examined how sensitivity to these functional domains relates to individual differences in other psychological constructs. Consistent with their predictions, factor analyses demonstrated that disgust sensitivity partitions into domains related to pathogens, sexuality, and morality. Further, sensitivity to the 3 domains showed predictable differentiation based on sex, perceived vulnerability to disease, psychopathic tendencies, and Big 5 personality traits. In exploring these 3 domains of disgust, the authors introduce a new measure of disgust sensitivity. Appreciation of the functional heterogeneity of disgust has important implications for research on individual differences in disgust sensitivity, emotion, clinical impairments, and neuroscience.
厌恶的功能是什么？传统模型认为厌恶有助于保护自我或消除对我们动物本性的提醒，而从进化的角度来看，厌恶的功能是解决与避免病原体、配偶选择和社会互动相关的三个性质不同的适应性问题。作者通过四项研究对厌恶的这三领域模型进行了调查，并研究了对这些功能领域的敏感性如何与其他心理结构中的个体差异相关。与他们的预测一致，因素分析表明厌恶敏感性可分为与病原体、性和道德相关的领域。此外，对这三个领域的敏感性基于性别、感知到的疾病易感性、精神病态倾向和大五人格特质表现出可预测的差异。在探索厌恶的这三个领域时，作者引入了一种新的厌恶敏感性测量方法。认识到厌恶的功能异质性对厌恶敏感性、情绪、临床损伤和神经科学方面的个体差异研究具有重要意义。
