Johnson Mark B, McKnight Scott
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland 20705, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2009 Aug;10(4):354-60. doi: 10.1080/15389580902969765.
This research was conducted to examine the consequences of forewarning drivers about impending congestion on aggressive driving behavior. Some have argued that aggressive driving stems from frustration experienced on the roadway (often due to congestion), and that by warning drivers about congestion, frustration, and consequently aggressive driving, can be reduced.
The study employed an experimental design, where participants (whose dispositional driver anger was measured using the Driver Anger Scale) were instructed to operate an instrumented vehicle along a prescribed route containing construction. Participants were randomly assigned either to receive a warning about the construction or to receive no warning about the congestion. Measures of aggressive driving behavior were extracted from video (shot from a camera hidden behind the vehicle's license plate) and from an ongoing accelerometer.
A total of 49 participants completed the study. Analyses of combined measure of aggressive driving behavior data revealed a statistically significant main effect for dispositional driver anger (with participants scoring higher on the scale actually driving more aggressively), as well as interactions between driver anger and forewarning. Accordingly, forewarning about potential congestion reduced aggressive driving behavior for participants high in dispositional anger but increased aggressive behavior for participants who were low on dispositional anger.
Some of the results-particularly the increase in aggressive driving among participants low in dispositional driver anger who were warning about congestion-were unexpected. The interaction effect suggests that the strategy providing warnings about upcoming congestion will not necessarily reduce frustration among all drivers.
本研究旨在探讨预先警告驾驶员即将出现拥堵对攻击性驾驶行为的影响。一些人认为，攻击性驾驶源于在道路上经历的挫折感（通常是由于拥堵），并且通过警告驾驶员拥堵情况，可以减少挫折感，进而减少攻击性驾驶行为。
该研究采用实验设计，参与者（使用驾驶员愤怒量表测量其性格上的驾驶愤怒程度）被指示驾驶一辆装有仪器的车辆沿着一条包含施工区域的规定路线行驶。参与者被随机分配，要么收到关于施工的警告，要么没有收到关于拥堵的警告。攻击性驾驶行为的测量数据来自视频（从隐藏在车辆牌照后面的摄像头拍摄）和一个正在运行的加速度计。
共有49名参与者完成了研究。对攻击性驾驶行为数据的综合测量分析显示，性格上的驾驶愤怒有统计学上的显著主效应（量表得分较高的参与者实际驾驶更具攻击性），以及驾驶员愤怒和预先警告之间的相互作用。因此，对潜在拥堵的预先警告减少了性格愤怒程度高的参与者的攻击性驾驶行为，但增加了性格愤怒程度低的参与者的攻击性行为。
一些结果——特别是那些性格上驾驶愤怒程度低但收到拥堵警告的参与者攻击性驾驶行为增加——是出乎意料的。这种相互作用效应表明，提供即将到来的拥堵警告的策略不一定会减少所有驾驶员的挫折感。
