ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Jun;20(3):384-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00955.x. Epub 2009 Jul 2.
This 12-month retrospective questionnaire compared the occurrence of sports injuries in 149 cross country skiers, 154 swimmers, 143 long-distance runners and 128 soccer players aged 15-35 years. Soccer had significantly more injuries (5.1 injuries/1000 exposure hour) than other sports (2.1-2.8, P<0.001). More runners than soccer players reported overuse injuries (59% vs 42%, P=0.005), locating typically in the foot in runners, soccer players and skiers. Swimmers reported overuse injuries in the shoulder more commonly than skiers (40% vs 1%, P<0.001), who also intensively load shoulders. Acute injuries in skiers (80%) and in swimmers (58%), and overuse injuries in skiers (61%), occurred during exercise other than own event. In soccer and running the absence time from sport because of injuries was significantly longer than in skiing and swimming. No severe permanent disabilities occurred due to injury but seven women quit sports because of injury. In conclusion, type of loading is strictly associated with the anatomical location of an overuse injury as shown by the difference in shoulder injury incidence between swimmers and cross country skiers. In some sports, a significant proportion of acute injuries occur in other than the main event.
本为期 12 个月的回顾性问卷调查比较了 149 名越野滑雪运动员、154 名游泳运动员、143 名长跑运动员和 128 名 15-35 岁足球运动员的运动损伤发生情况。足球（5.1 次/1000 暴露小时）的损伤发生率明显高于其他运动（2.1-2.8，P<0.001）。与足球运动员相比，跑步运动员报告过度使用损伤的比例更高（59%对 42%，P=0.005），跑步运动员、足球运动员和滑雪运动员中典型的过度使用损伤部位都在足部。与滑雪运动员（1%）相比，游泳运动员更常报告肩部过度使用损伤（40%，P<0.001），游泳运动员的肩部负荷也较高。滑雪运动员（80%）和游泳运动员（58%）发生急性损伤，以及滑雪运动员（61%）发生过度使用损伤，均发生在非自身项目的运动中。在足球和跑步中，由于受伤而导致的运动缺席时间明显长于滑雪和游泳。虽然没有因受伤而导致严重的永久性残疾，但有 7 名女性因受伤而退出运动。总之，负荷类型与过度使用损伤的解剖部位密切相关，如游泳运动员和越野滑雪运动员肩部损伤发生率的差异所示。在某些运动中，相当一部分急性损伤发生在非主要项目中。
