Martin Angela, Sanderson Kristy, Scott Jenn, Brough Paula
School of Management, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul 15;9:239. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-239.
Workplace mental health promotion (WMHP) aims to prevent and effectively manage the social and economic costs of common mental illnesses such as depression. The mental health of managers and employees within small-medium enterprises (SMEs) is a neglected sector in occupational health research and practice, despite the fact that this sector is the most common work setting in most economies. The availability and propensity of SME staff to attend face-to-face training/therapy or workshop style interventions often seen in corporate or public sector work settings is a widely recognised problem. The 'Business in Mind' program employs a DVD mode of delivery that is convenient for SME managers, particularly those operating in regional and remote areas where internet delivery may not be optimal. The objective of the intervention program is to improve the mental health of SME managers, and examine whether employees of managers' whose mental health improves, report positive change in their psychosocial work environment. The mechanisms via which we aim to improve managers' mental health are through the development of their psychological capital (a higher order construct comprised of hope, self efficacy, resilience and optimism) and their skills and capacities for coping with work stress.
METHODS/DESIGN: The effectiveness of two versions of the program (self administered and telephone facilitated) will be assessed using a randomised trial with an active control condition (psychoeducation only). We aim to recruit a minimum of 249 managers and a sample of their employees. This design allows for 83 managers per group, as power analyses showed that this number would allow for attrition of 20% and still enable detection of an effect size of 0.5. The intervention will be implemented over a three month period and postal surveys will assess managers and employees in each group at baseline, intervention completion, and at 6 month follow up. The intervention groups (managers only) will also be assessed at 12 and 24 month follow-up to examine maintenance of effects. Primary outcomes are managers' levels of psychological capital (hope, resilience, self-efficacy and optimism), coping strategies, anxiety and depression symptoms, self-reported health, job satisfaction and job tension. Secondary outcomes are participating managers subordinates' perceptions of manager support, relational justice, emotional climate and job tension. In order to provide an economic evaluation of the intervention, both employees and manager rates of absenteeism and presenteeism will also be assessed.
The intervention being trialled is expected to improve both primary and secondary outcomes. If proven efficacious, the intervention could be disseminated to reach a much larger proportion of the business community.
职场心理健康促进（WMHP）旨在预防并有效管理诸如抑郁症等常见精神疾病带来的社会和经济成本。尽管中小企业（SMEs）的管理人员和员工的心理健康在职业健康研究和实践中是一个被忽视的领域，但在大多数经济体中，这一领域却是最常见的工作环境。中小企业员工参加企业或公共部门工作环境中常见的面对面培训/治疗或工作坊式干预的可及性和意愿是一个广为人知的问题。“心系企业”项目采用DVD交付模式，这对中小企业经理来说很方便，特别是那些在互联网交付可能不理想的地区和偏远地区经营的经理。干预项目的目标是改善中小企业经理的心理健康，并研究心理健康得到改善的经理的员工是否报告其心理社会工作环境有积极变化。我们旨在改善经理心理健康的机制是通过发展他们的心理资本（一个由希望、自我效能感、恢复力和乐观主义组成的高阶结构）以及他们应对工作压力的技能和能力。
方法/设计：将使用带有积极对照条件（仅心理教育）的随机试验来评估该项目两个版本（自我管理和电话辅助）的有效性。我们的目标是招募至少249名经理及其部分员工作为样本。这种设计每组允许有83名经理，因为功效分析表明这个数量将允许20%的损耗，并且仍然能够检测到0.5的效应量。干预将在三个月内实施，邮政调查将在基线、干预完成时以及6个月随访时对每组中的经理和员工进行评估。干预组（仅经理）还将在12个月和24个月随访时进行评估，以检查效果的维持情况。主要结果是经理的心理资本水平（希望、恢复力、自我效能感和乐观主义）、应对策略、焦虑和抑郁症状、自我报告的健康状况、工作满意度和工作紧张程度。次要结果是参与干预的经理的下属对经理支持、关系公正、情感氛围和工作紧张程度的看法。为了对干预进行经济评估，还将评估员工和经理的缺勤率和出勤主义率。
正在试验的干预预计将改善主要和次要结果。如果被证明有效，该干预可以推广到更大比例的商业群体。
