Deco Gustavo, Thiele Alexander
Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Aug;30(3):347-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06833.x. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
Attention is a rich psychological and neurobiological construct that influences almost all aspects of cognitive behaviour. It enables enhanced processing of behaviourally relevant stimuli at the expense of irrelevant stimuli. At the cellular level, rhythmic synchronization at local and long-range spatial scales complements the attention-induced firing rate changes of neurons. The former is hypothesized to enable efficient communication between neuronal ensembles tuned to spatial and featural aspects of the attended stimulus. Recent modelling studies suggest that the rhythmic synchronization in the gamma range may be mediated by a fine balance between N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate postsynaptic currents, whereas other studies have highlighted the possible contribution of the neuromodulator acetylcholine. This review summarizes some recent modelling and experimental studies investigating mechanisms of attention in sensory areas and discusses possibilities of how glutamatergic and cholinergic systems could contribute to increased processing abilities at the cellular and network level during states of top-down attention.
注意力是一种丰富的心理和神经生物学概念，几乎影响认知行为的各个方面。它能够增强对行为相关刺激的处理，同时抑制无关刺激。在细胞水平上，局部和远距离空间尺度的节律同步补充了注意力引起的神经元放电率变化。前者被认为能够使调谐到被关注刺激的空间和特征方面的神经元群之间进行高效通信。最近的建模研究表明，γ 波段的节律同步可能由 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸和 α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基异恶唑-4-丙酸突触后电流之间的精细平衡介导，而其他研究则强调了神经调质乙酰胆碱的可能作用。这篇综述总结了最近一些研究感觉区域注意力机制的建模和实验研究，并讨论了在自上而下的注意力状态下，谷氨酸能和胆碱能系统如何在细胞和网络水平上促进处理能力提高的可能性。
