Lockhofen Denise Elfriede Liesa, Mulert Christoph
Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Hessen, Germany.
Front Neurosci. 2021 May 5;15:643597. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643597. eCollection 2021.
Visual attention is the cognitive process that mediates the selection of important information from the environment. This selection is usually controlled by bottom-up and top-down attentional biasing. Since for most humans vision is the dominant sense, visual attention is critically important for higher-order cognitive functions and related deficits are a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Here, we summarize the importance and relative contributions of different neuromodulators and neurotransmitters to the neural mechanisms of top-down and bottom-up attentional control. We will not only review the roles of widely accepted neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine, dopamine and noradrenaline, but also the contributions of other modulatory substances. In doing so, we hope to shed some light on the current understanding of the role of neurochemistry in shaping neuron properties contributing to the allocation of attention in the visual field.
视觉注意力是一种认知过程，它介导从环境中选择重要信息。这种选择通常由自下而上和自上而下的注意力偏向控制。由于对大多数人来说，视觉是主导感官，视觉注意力对高阶认知功能至关重要，相关缺陷是许多神经精神和神经疾病的核心症状。在这里，我们总结了不同神经调质和神经递质对自上而下和自下而上注意力控制的神经机制的重要性和相对贡献。我们不仅将回顾广泛认可的神经调质（如乙酰胆碱、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素）的作用，还将探讨其他调节物质的贡献。通过这样做，我们希望能对当前关于神经化学在塑造神经元特性以促进视野中注意力分配方面的作用的理解有所帮助。
